Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25884728›Full record

ArticleBirth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology2015

Maternal exposures in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study: Time trends of selected exposures.

April L Dawson, Hilda Razzaghi, Annelise Arth, Mark A Canfield, Samantha E Parker, Jennita Reefhuis, National Birth Defects Prevention Study

Open access · greenAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Maternal Smoking and Preterm Birth Among Infants With Orofacial Clefts.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2026
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  5. Cortical Cross-Frequency Coupling Is Affected byFrontiers in neuroscience · 2022
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  9. The Placenta as a Mediator of Stress Effects on Neurodevelopmental Reprogramming.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2016
    Review
  10. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

April L DawsonNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia.
Hilda RazzaghiNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia.
Annelise ArthNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia.
Mark A CanfieldBirth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas.
Samantha E ParkerDepartment of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Jennita ReefhuisNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia.
National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · USBoston University · USNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities · USOak Ridge Associated Universities · USTexas Department of State Health Services · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOur objective was to describe time trends in selected pregnancy exposures in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS).

methodsWe analyzed data from the NBDPS, a multi-site case-control study of major birth defects, for mothers of live-born infants without birth defects (controls), with an expected date of delivery (EDD) from 1998 to 2011. Mothers from the 10 participating centers across the United States were interviewed by phone between 6 weeks and 2 years after the EDD. We focused on maternal race/ethnicity and five maternal risk factors: obesity, use of folic acid-containing multivitamins, opioid analgesics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and loratadine because of their prevalence of use and some reports of associations with major birth defects. Prevalence time trends were examined using the Kendall's τβ test statistic.

resultsThe exposure trend analysis included 11,724 control mothers with EDDs from 1998 to 2011. We observed a significant increase in obesity prevalence among control mothers, as well as use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and loratadine. We also observed an increase in periconceptional use of folic acid-containing multivitamins. Some of the time trends varied by race/ethnicity. No remarkable trend in the overall use of opioid analgesics was observed. The racial/ethnic distribution of mothers changed slightly during the study period.

conclusionLong-term, population-based case-control studies continue to be an effective way to assess exposure-birth defects associations and provide guidance to health care providers. However, investigators examining rare outcomes covering many years of data collection need to be cognizant of time trends in exposures.

Indexed as

AdultAnalgesics, OpioidAnti-Allergic AgentsCase-Control StudiesCongenital AbnormalitiesEthnicityFemaleFolic AcidHumansLoratadineMaternal ExposureObesityPregnancyPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsSelective Serotonin Reuptake InhibitorsTime FactorsAnalgesics, OpioidAnti-Allergic AgentsFolic AcidLoratadineSelective Serotonin Reuptake InhibitorsVitaminsbirth defectscase control studiesmaternal exposure

Identifiers

PMID25884728
PMCPMC4617636
OpenAlexW2160240232

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.