ArticleBMC cancer2015
TLR3 expression correlates with apoptosis, proliferation and angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma and predicts prognosis.
Article in BMC cancer, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of TLR3 (rs3775291) and IL-10 (rs1800871) gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to Hepatitis B infection: A meta-analysis.Epidemiology and infection · 2020Pooled it
- Toll-like receptors: versatile players in tumor.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Adaptor proteins regulating tumor-associated macrophage polarization during cancer progression.Oncoscience · 2026Review
- Activation of toll‑like receptors by non‑coding RNAs and their fragments (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Association of TLR3 1337C/T and 1234C/T polymorphisms with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Sudanese patients: A case-control study.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
- Toll-like receptor 3: a double-edged sword.Biomarker research · 2025Review
- An anoikis-related signature predicts prognosis and immunotherapy response in gastrointestinal cancers.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The multiple roles of interferon regulatory factor family in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Gut microbiota in MAFLD: therapeutic and diagnostic implications.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Review
- RNA mFrontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Recent advances in different interactions between toll-like receptors and hepatitis B infection: a review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Toll-Like Receptor 3 mRNA Expression of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Identifies Kidney Recipients with Potential for Improved Graft Performance.Annals of transplantation · 2023Article
- Necrotic Cells from Head and Neck Carcinomas Release Biomolecules That Are Activating Toll-like Receptor 3.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The TLR3 L412F polymorphism prevents TLR3-mediated tumor cell death induction in pediatric sarcomas.Cell death discovery · 2023Article
- Toll-Like Receptors and the Response to Radiotherapy in Solid Tumors: Challenges and Opportunities.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Rintatolimod: a potential treatment in patients with pancreatic cancer expressing Toll-like receptor 3.American journal of cancer research · 2023Article
- Action Mechanisms and Scientific Rationale of Using Nasal Vaccine (HeberNasvac) for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems Targeting Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Immunotherapy Resistance: Current Advances and Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Toll-like receptor 3 is a potential prognosis marker and associated with immune infiltration in stomach adenocarcinoma.Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundToll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) plays a key role in innate immunity. In the present study, we analyzed tissues of patients with human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to determine the significance of the relationship between TLR3 expression and cell proliferation, apoptosis, hepatitis B virus infections, angiogenesis and prognosis.
methodsWe collected paraffin-embedded tissues from 85 patients with HCC who had complete histories and were followed for >5 years. The expression and intracellular localization of TLR3 and downstream proteins (TRIF, NF-κB, and IRF3) were detected using immunohistochemistry. Further, we determined the expression of proteins that mediate cell proliferation (Ki67, cyclin D1), apoptosis (survivin, bcl-2, caspases 3, 8, and 9), and angiogenesis (CD34, MMP-2) as well as the HBV proteins HBsAg and HBcAg. Apoptosis in HCC tissues was detected using TUNEL. We conducted dual-labeling immunohistochemical analyses of TLR3 expression and TUNEL activity.
resultsTLR3 expression was significantly lower in HCC tissues compared with adjacent tissues. TRIF, NF-κB, and IRF3 correlated positively with TLR3 expression. Survivin and Bcl-2 expression correlated negatively with TLR3. The frequencies of caspases 3, 8, and 9 expression correlated positively with TLR3 signaling proteins. Cytoplasmic TLR3 and serum levels of HBsAg correlated positively. The apoptotic index determined using the TUNEL method and correlated positively with TLR3 expression. TLR3 expression in the cytoplasm correlated positively with TUNEL-positive cells and HBsAg. Ki67 and cyclin D1 correlated negatively with TLR3 expression. MMP-2 expression, microvessel density (CD34(+)) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) correlated negatively with TLR3 expression. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis shows that TLR3 expression correlated with longer survival.
conclusionsThe expression of TLR3 in HCC tissues may exert a synergistic effect on apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells, MMP-2 expression, generation of EPCs, and angiogenesis. Moreover, TLR3 expression may serve as a prognostic marker of HCC.
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