ArticleParasites & vectors2015
Apoptosis mediated leishmanicidal activity of Azadirachta indica bioactive fractions is accompanied by Th1 immunostimulatory potential and therapeutic cure in vivo.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antileishmanial Activity of Bioactive Compounds Obtained fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
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- Topical application of ozonated sunflower oil accelerates the healing of lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice under meglumine antimoniate treatment.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2024Article
- GC-MS screening and antiparasitic action ofJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2021Article
- Antileishmanial Evaluation of Bark Methanolic Extract ofACS omega · 2021Article
- PF-429242, a Subtilisin Inhibitor, Is EffectiveFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Critical Antileishmanial in vitro Effects of Highly Examined Gold Nanoparticles.International journal of nanomedicine · 2021Article
- Aqueous ozone therapy improves the standard treatment of leishmaniasis lesions in animals leading to local and systemic alterations.Parasitology research · 2020Article
- Cinnamomum cassia exhibits antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani infection in vitro and in vivo.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Effects of Azadirachta indica seed kernel extracts on early erythrocytic schizogony of Plasmodium berghei and pro-inflammatory response in inbred mice.Malaria journal · 2019Article
- Investigation on the immunomodulatory activities ofSaudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2017Article
- Erratum to: Apoptosis mediated leishmanicidal activity of Azadirachta indica bioactive fractions is accompanied by Th1 immunostimulatory potential and therapeutic cure in vivo.Parasites & vectors · 2016Article
- Leishmanicidal Activity of Piper nigrum Bioactive Fractions is Interceded via Apoptosis In Vitro and Substantiated by Th1 Immunostimulatory Potential In Vivo.Frontiers in microbiology · 2015Article
- Natural Products: Insights into Leishmaniasis Inflammatory Response.Mediators of inflammation · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExploration of immunomodulatory antileishmanials of plant origin is now being strongly recommended to overcome the immune suppression evident during visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and high cost and toxicity associated with conventional chemotherapeutics. In accordance, we assessed the in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial and immunomodulatory potential of ethanolic fractions of Azadirachta indica leaves (ALE) and seeds (ASE).
methodsA. indica fractions were prepared by sequential extraction of the powdered plant parts in hexane, ethanol and water. Erythrosin B staining was employed to appraise the anti-promastigote potential of ALE and ASE. Cytostatic or cytocidal mode of action was ascertained and alterations in parasite morphology were depicted under oil immersion light microscopy. Study of apoptotic correlates was performed to deduce the mechanism of induced cell death and anti-amastigote potential was assessed in Leishmania parasitized RAW 264.7 macrophages. In vivo antileishmanial effectiveness was evaluated in L. donovani infected BALB/c mice, accompanied by investigation of immunomodulatory potential of ALE and ASE. Adverse toxicity of the bioactive fractions against RAW macrophages was studied by MTT assay. In vivo side effects on the liver and kidney functions were also determined. Plant secondary metabolites present in ALE and ASE were analysed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
resultsALE and ASE (500 μg ml(-1)) exhibited leishmanicidal activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner (IC₅₀ 34 and 77.66 μg ml(-1), respectively) with alterations in promastigote morphology and induction of apoptosis. ALE and ASE exerted appreciable anti-amastigote potency (IC₅₀ 17.66 and 24.66 μg ml(-1), respectively) that was coupled with profound in vivo therapeutic efficacy (87.76% and 85.54% protection in liver and 85.55% and 83.62% in spleen, respectively). ALE exhibited minimal toxicity with selectivity index of 26.10 whereas ASE was observed to be non-toxic. The bioactive fractions revealed no hepato- and nephro-toxicity. ALE and ASE potentiated Th1-biased cell-mediated immunity along with upregulation of INF-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 and decline in IL-4 and IL-10 levels. GC-MS analysis revealed several compounds that may have contributed to the observed antileishmanial effect.
conclusionDual antileishmanial and immunostimulatory efficacy exhibited by the bioactive fractions merits their use alone or as adjunct therapy for VL.
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