Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25884172›Full record

SynthesisParasites & vectors2015

The roles of water, sanitation and hygiene in reducing schistosomiasis: a review.

Jack E T Grimes, David Croll, Wendy E Harrison, Jürg Utzinger, Matthew C Freeman, Michael R Templeton

Open access · goldAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Parasites & vectors, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 177 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
177citing papers in PubMed, 13 pooled it
13.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

177 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 348 citations in OpenAlex.

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  19. Prevalence and Associated Factor ofHealth science reports · 2026
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117 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Jack E T GrimesDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. jack.grimes@imperial.ac.uk.
David CrollDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, , CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland. david.croll@unibas.ch.
Wendy E HarrisonSchistosomiasis Control Initiative, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. w.harrison@imperial.ac.uk.
Jürg UtzingerDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, , CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland. juerg.utzinger@unibas.ch.
Matthew C FreemanDepartment of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. mcfreem@emory.edu.
Michael R TempletonDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. m.templeton@imperial.ac.uk.
Imperial College London · GBEmory University · USSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute · CHUniversity of Basel · CH

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by infection with blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma. Transmission of, and exposure to, the parasite result from faecal or urinary contamination of freshwater containing intermediate host snails, and dermal contact with the same water. The World Health Assembly resolution 65.21 from May 2012 urges member states to eliminate schistosomiasis through preventive chemotherapy (i.e. periodic large-scale administration of the antischistosomal drug praziquantel to school-aged children and other high-risk groups), provision of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and snail control. However, control measures focus almost exclusively on preventive chemotherapy, while only few studies made an attempt to determine the impact of upgraded access to safe water, adequate sanitation and good hygiene on schistosome transmission. We recently completed a systematic review and meta-analysis pertaining to WASH and schistosomiasis and found that people with safe water and adequate sanitation have significantly lower odds of a Schistosoma infection. Importantly though, the transmission of schistosomiasis is deeply entrenched in social-ecological systems, and hence is governed by setting-specific cultural and environmental factors that determine human behaviour and snail populations. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature, which explores the transmission routes of schistosomes, particularly focussing on how these might be disrupted with WASH-related technologies and human behaviour. Additionally, future research directions in this area are highlighted.

Indexed as

HygieneSanitationAnimalsChildFresh WaterGlobal HealthHumansMalePraziquantelSchistosomaSchistosomiasisSnailsWaterPraziquantelWater

Identifiers

PMID25884172
PMCPMC4377019
OpenAlexW2144400965

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.