ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2015
Differential levels of soluble inflammatory markers by human immunodeficiency virus controller status and demographics.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Platelet activation in adult HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Antiretroviral Therapy Reduces T-cell Activation and Immune Exhaustion Markers in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Controllers.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Trial
- Serum oxidized low-density lipoprotein decreases in response to statin therapy and relates independently to reductions in coronary plaque in patients with HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Inflammasome-Interferon Convergence in Elite HIV Controllers and Autoimmune Diseases: A Critical Integrative Reflection.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Paracrine signals from HIV-1-infected immune cells reprogram cervical cancer pathways.iScience · 2026Article
- Unsupervised proteomic stratification of people living with HIV reveals inflammatory biotypes beyond conventional clinical classifications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Network modeling suggests HIV infection phenocopies PI3K-AKT pathway mutations to enhance HPV-associated cervical cancer.Molecular omics · 2023Article
- Peripheral blood biomarkers predict viral rebound following antiretroviral therapy discontinuation in SIV-infected, early ART-treated rhesus macaques.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Article
- Multiplex Analysis of Cytokines and Chemokines in Persons Aging With or Without HIV.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Article
- Association of Antiretroviral Therapy with Platelet Function and Systemic Inflammatory Response in People Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- HIV post-treatment controllers have distinct immunological and virological features.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- CCR5∆32 and SDF1 3'A: Gene Variants, Expression and Influence on Biological Markers for the Clinical Progression to AIDS among HIV-1 Virus Controllers in a Mixed Population of the Amazon Region of Brazil.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Inflammatory Markers after Switching to a Dual Drug Regimen in HIV-Infected Subjects: A Two-Year Follow-Up.Viruses · 2022Article
- Increased biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in HIV-1 viremic controllers and low persistent inflammation in elite controllers and art-suppressed individuals.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- HIV, Combination Antiretroviral Therapy, and Vascular Diseases in Men and Women.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2022Review
- Massive Release of CD9+ Microvesicles in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Regardless of Virologic Control.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- NK Cells, Monocytes and Macrophages in HIV-1 Control: Impact of Innate Immune Responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The Role of Innate Immunity in Natural Elite Controllers of HIV-1 Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Immune Mechanisms Underlying Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Viral Coinfection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 elite controllers (ECs) represent an ideal population to study the effects of HIV persistence on chronic inflammation in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods. Twenty inflammatory markers measured in cohorts of ECs, HIV suppressed noncontrollers, and HIV-uninfected controls were compared using rank-based tests and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA). Spearman correlations were determined among the inflammatory markers, residual viremia by the single-copy assay, and CD4(+) T cell slope. Results. Significant differences were seen between cohorts in 15 of the soluble inflammatory markers. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 ECs were found to have the highest levels for all of the markers with the exception of RANTES. In particular, median levels of 7 inflammatory markers (soluble CD14 [sCD14], interferon [IFN]-γ, IFN-γ-inducible protein [IP]-10, interleukin [IL]-4, IL-10, sCD40L, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) were twice as high in the HIV-1 ECs compared with either of the HIV-suppressed or uninfected groups. Multivariate PLSDA analysis of inflammatory markers improved differentiation between the patient cohorts, discerning gender differences in inflammatory profile amongst individuals on suppressive ART. Soluble markers of inflammation in ECs were not associated with either levels of residual HIV-1 viremia or CD4(+) T cell decline. Conclusions. Despite maintaining relatively low levels of viremia, HIV-1 ECs had elevated levels of a set of key inflammatory markers. Additional studies are needed to determine whether ECs may benefit from ART and to further evaluate the observed gender differences.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.