ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2015
Hepatitis C Virus Reinfection and Spontaneous Clearance of Reinfection--the InC3 Study.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cure of chronic hepatitis C virus infection after DAA treatment only partially restores the functional capacity of exhausted T cell subsets: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Higher incidence of HCV in females compared to males who inject drugs: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2017Pooled it
- Characterization of changes in intrahepatic immune cell populations during HCV treatment with sofosbuvir and ribavirin.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2019Trial
- Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection Induces Consistent Changes in Circulating MicroRNAs That Are Associated with Nonlytic Hepatocyte Release.Journal of virology · 2015Trial
- HCV-specific CD4EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Silent mutations in coding regions of Hepatitis C virus affect patterns of HCV RNA structures and attenuate viral replication and pathogenesis.Genome biology · 2025Article
- Design and nonviral delivery of live attenuated vaccine to prevent chronic hepatitis C virus-like infection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Getting to full disclosure: HCV testing and status disclosure behaviors among PWID and their injecting partners.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Clinical- and Cost-Effectiveness of Liver Disease Staging in Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Microsimulation Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Modeling of randomized hepatitis C vaccine trials: Bridging the gap between controlled human infection models and real-word testing.PNAS nexus · 2025Article
- Changes in the Lipid Asset of HIV/HCV Patients after a Successful Course of Direct-Acting Antivirals.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Hepatitis C virus eradication in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: Where are we now?World journal of hepatology · 2024Article
- Article
- Differential immune transcriptomic profiles between vaccinated and resolved HCV reinfected subjects.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Projected Long-Term Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Hepatitis C Outcomes in the United States: A Modeling Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- In the era of rapid mRNA-based vaccines: Why is there no effective hepatitis C virus vaccine yet?World journal of hepatology · 2021Review
- Challenges and Prospects of Plant-Derived Oral Vaccines against Hepatitis B and C Viruses.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Viral hepatitis update: Progress and perspectives.World journal of gastroenterology · 2021Review
- Functional genetic variants of the IFN-λ3 (IL28B) gene and transcription factor interactions on its promoter.Cytokine · 2021Article
- Reciprocal Inhibition of Immunogenic Performance in Mice of Two Potent DNA Immunogens Targeting HCV-Related Liver Cancer.Microorganisms · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe aimed to characterize the natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection and spontaneous clearance following reinfection (reclearance), including predictors of HCV reclearance.
methodsData were synthesized from the 9 prospective cohorts of the International Collaboration of Incident Human Immunodeficiency Virus and HCV in Injecting Cohorts study, which evaluated HCV infection outcomes among people who inject drugs. Participants with primary HCV infection were classified as having achieved viral suppression if they had negative results of at least 1 subsequent HCV RNA test. Those with positive results of an HCV RNA test following viral suppression were investigated for reinfection. Viral sequence analysis was used to identify reinfection (defined as detection of heterologous virus with no subsequent detection of the original viral strain).
resultsAmong 591 participants with acute primary HCV infection, 118 were investigated for reinfection. Twenty-eight participants were reinfected (12.3 cases/100 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.5-17.8). Peak HCV RNA level was lower during reinfection than primary infection (P = .011). The proportion of individuals with reclearance 6 months after reinfection was 52% (95% CI, 33%-73%). After adjustment for study site, females with the IFNL4 (formerly IFNL3 and IL28B) rs12979860 CC genotype detected were more likely to have reclearance (hazard ratio, 4.16; 95% CI, 1.24-13.94; P = .021).
conclusionsSex and IFNL4 genotype are associated with spontaneous clearance after reinfection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.