ArticleComprehensive psychiatry2015
Cigarette smoking and the onset and persistence of depression among adults in the United States: 1994-2005.
Article in Comprehensive psychiatry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of cannabis use, tobacco use, and incident anxiety, mood, and psychotic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Unhealthy behaviors associated with mental health disorders: a systematic comparative review of diet quality, sedentary behavior, and cannabis and tobacco use.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Smoking cessation for improving mental health.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Cigarette smoking and depression comorbidity: systematic review and proposed theoretical model.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2017Pooled it
- Lower self-efficacy and greater depressive symptoms predict greater failure to recover from a single lapse cigarette.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2020Trial
- Parental Depression is Prospectively Associated With Lower Smoking Cessation Rates and Poor Child Asthma Outcomes.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2018Trial
- Moderators of smoking cessation outcomes in a randomized-controlled trial of varenicline versus placebo.Psychopharmacology · 2017Trial
- Cognitive-behavioral treatment with behavioral activation for smokers with depressive symptomatology: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.BMC psychiatry · 2017Trial
- The sleep-anxiety dysregulation model of alcohol use disorder risk: A nine-year longitudinal machine learning study.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Review
- Depression, Functional Dependence, and Oral Health: Evidence from a Clinical Study of Older Spanish Adults.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Addressing Mental Health in Rural Settings: A Narrative Review of Blueberry Supplementation as a Natural Intervention.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Prospective bidirectional relations between depression and metabolic health: 30-year follow-up from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Coronary Artery Disease in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2024Article
- Association between healthy eating and depression symptoms among Chinese older adults: A cross-sectional study based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity survey.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Association between blood cadmium and depression varies by age and smoking status in US adult women: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2005-2016.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Assessing the role of antioxidant and pro-oxidant balance in mediating the relationship between vitamin K intake and depressive symptoms in adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- The effects of emotional distress on attentional bias toward cigarette warnings according to smokers' anxiety levels.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Cardiac Vagal Control Among Community Cigarette Smokers with Low to Moderate Depressive Symptoms.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2023Article
- Prospective Bidirectional Relations Between Depression and Metabolic Health: 30 Year Follow-up from the NHLBI CARDIA Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe present study investigated the relationship between daily cigarette smoking and risk of onset and persistence of major depressive disorder (MDD) over a 10-year period among adults in the United States and whether successful smoking cessation reduced the risk for MDD.
methodData were drawn from the Midlife Development in the United States Survey (MIDUS; n=2101) Waves I and II. Logistic regressions were used to investigate the relations between smoking and the onset and persistence of MDD, adjusting for demographic characteristics and substance use problems.
resultsDaily smoking in 1994 [OR=1.9 (1.2-3.2)] and persistent daily smoking (in 1994 and 2005) [OR=2.2 (1.3-3.7)] were both associated with a significantly increased likelihood of MDD in 2005. Additionally, abstinence, compared to daily smoking, for more than 10years significantly reduced the risk of MDD in 2005 [OR=0.5 (0.3-0.87)] and persistent MDD in 1994 and 2005; [OR=0.5 (0.3-0.87)].
conclusionsFindings from this study provide new insights into the role of smoking in the onset and persistence of MDD. Namely, among those in mid-adulthood, smoking is associated with greater MDD risk and quitting may help to reduce such risk. These results suggest that there may be merit in targeting smoking to reduce the risk of MDD and the mental health benefits of quitting smoking in the form of reduced risk of MDD could usefully be added to common information listed as reasons to quit.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.