ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2015
Type 2 cytokines: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 387 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
387 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 673 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Cockroach immunotherapy modulates dominant T-cell responses independent of allergen extract content.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Trial
- The Safety Data of Dupilumab for the Treatment of Moderate‑to‑Severe Atopic Dermatitis in Infants, Children, Adolescents, and Adults.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2025Trial
- A pediatric randomized, controlled trial of German cockroach subcutaneous immunotherapy.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Trial
- A Gene-Program Architecture of Mouse T cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Non-Titanised Compared to Titanised Polypropylene Meshes Induce a Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Angiogenic Response in Fibroblast Co-Cultures.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
- Collaborative functionality between three types of inflammation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- The janus-faced extracellular matrix remodeling in acute lung injury: a gatekeeper of macrophage localization and phenotype.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Activating an interleukin 4-FLT3-STAT6 axis in multipotent progenitors restores lymphopoiesis in inflammation and aging.Immunity · 2026Article
- Bispecific targeting of CHI3L1 and PD-1 as a therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Review
- Toward precision medicine in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Special Issue: Does latent Toxoplasma infection mimic the immune profile of schizophrenia? Sex-specific cytokine and brain-marker alterations suggest partial overlap.Folia parasitologica · 2026Article
- Relations of residential greenness with immunity and inflammation.Environmental research · 2026Article
- An explainable machine learning model for early pediatric sepsis prediction using cytokine and routine laboratory data.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- The PGDCommunications biology · 2026Article
- Discovery and Characterization of Interleukin-4-Specific Affibodies for Affinity-Controlled Protein Release and Macrophage Polarization.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Clinical Significance of the IL-33/sST2 Axis and Vitamin D Status in the Assessment of Disease Severity and Exacerbation Risk in Asthma: A Prospective Controlled Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Morphea Induced by Golimumab in a Patient With Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Case Report and Literature Review.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
327 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Type 2 immune responses are defined by the cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, which can either be host protective or have pathogenic activity. Type 2 immunity promotes antihelminth immunity, suppresses type 1-driven autoimmune disease, neutralizes toxins, maintains metabolic homeostasis, and regulates wound repair and tissue regeneration pathways following infection or injury. Nevertheless, when type 2 responses are dysregulated, they can become important drivers of disease. Type 2 immunity induces a complex inflammatory response characterized by eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, IL-4-and/or IL-13-conditioned macrophages and T helper 2 (TH2) cells, which are crucial to the pathogenesis of many allergic and fibrotic disorders. As chronic type 2 immune responses promote disease, the mechanisms that regulate their maintenance are thought to function as crucial disease modifiers. This Review discusses the many endogenous negative regulatory mechanisms that antagonize type 2 immunity and highlights how therapies that target some of these pathways are being developed to treat type 2-mediated disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.