ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2015
Treatment with AMD3100 attenuates the microglial response and improves outcome after experimental stroke.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular mechanisms of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in related diseases (Review).Biomedical reports · 2026Review
- Intercellular communication between peripheral monocytes and central nervous system cells in stroke.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Environmental enrichment modulates chronic poststroke inflammation and links white matter TREM2-positive microglia in recovery in mice.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2026Article
- CXCL12 levels correlate with reduced stroke severity and lower risk of hemorrhagic transformation in stroke patients.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer therapy: unveiling new targets to overcome drug resistance.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Investigating the Potential Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets of Inflammatory Cytokines in Post-stroke Depression.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- CXCR4-BTK axis mediate pyroptosis and lipid peroxidation in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage via NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway.Redox biology · 2023Article
- From static to dynamic: live observation of the support system after ischemic stroke by two photon-excited fluorescence laser-scanning microscopy.Neural regeneration research · 2023Review
- Review
- Crosstalk Between GABAergic Neurotransmission and Inflammatory Cascades in the Post-ischemic Brain: Relevance for Stroke Recovery.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Effect of Anti-inflammatory Treatment with AMD3100 and CXMolecular neurobiology · 2021Article
- Pleiotropic Benefits of DPP-4 Inhibitors Beyond Glycemic Control.Clinical medicine insights. Endocrinology and diabetes · 2021Review
- Sanguinarine Attenuates Neuropathic Pain in a Rat Model of Chronic Constriction Injury.BioMed research international · 2021Article
- Protective Effect of CXCR4 Antagonist CX807 in a Rat Model of Hemorrhagic Stroke.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- The CD200/CD200R signaling pathway contributes to spontaneous functional recovery by enhancing synaptic plasticity after stroke.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2020Article
- Triiodothyronine modulates neuronal plasticity mechanisms to enhance functional outcome after stroke.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2019Article
- Current Approaches and Future Perspectives for Nanobodies in Stroke Diagnostic and Therapy.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Transthyretin expression in the postischemic brain.PloS one · 2019Article
- The effect of DPP-4 inhibition to improve functional outcome after stroke is mediated by the SDF-1α/CXCR4 pathway.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2018Article
- Article
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5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRecovery of lost neurological function after stroke is limited and dependent on multiple mechanisms including inflammatory processes. Selective pharmacological modulation of inflammation might be a promising approach to improve stroke outcome.
methodsWe used 1,1'-[1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis[1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane] (AMD3100), an antagonist to the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and potential allosteric agonist to CXCR7, administered to mice twice daily from day 2 after induction of photothrombosis (PT). In addition to functional outcome, the dynamics of post-stroke microglia response were monitored in vivo by 2-photon-laser-microscopy in heterozygous transgenic CX3CR1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice (CX3CR1(GFP/+)) and complemented with analyses for fractalkine (FKN) and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
resultsWe found a significantly enhanced recovery and modified microglia activation without affecting infarct size in mice treated with AMD3100 after PT. AMD3100 treatment significantly reduced the number of microglia in the peri-infarct area accompanied by stabilization of soma size and ramified cell morphology. Within the ischemic infarct core of AMD3100 treated wild-type mice we obtained significantly reduced levels of the endogenous CX3CR1 ligand FKN and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Interestingly, in CX3CR1-deficient mice (homozygous transgenic CX3CR1-GFP mice) subjected to PT, the levels of FKN were significantly lower compared to their wild-type littermates. Moreover, AMD3100 treatment did not induce any relevant changes of cytokine levels in CX3CR1 deficient mice.
conclusionAfter AMD3100 treatment, attenuation of microglia activation contributes to enhanced recovery of lost neurological function in experimental stroke possibly due to a depression of FKN levels in the brain. We further hypothesize that this mechanism is dependent on a functional receptor CX3CR1.
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