Trial reportNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2015
Naltrexone Maintenance Decreases Cannabis Self-Administration and Subjective Effects in Daily Cannabis Smokers.
Trial report in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extended-release naltrexone versus oral naltrexone for substance use disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Pooled it
- Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Evidence for pro-cognitive benefits of cannabinoids in people with bipolar disorder.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Effects of randomization to buprenorphine or naltrexone for OUD on cannabis use outcomes: A secondary analysis of the X:BOT trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Trial
- Human behavioral pharmacology of cannabis: Insights on cannabis use disorder.Preventive medicine · 2026Article
- A process-oriented functional capacity assessment: First application of the neuropsychological evaluation of the UPSA (NEUPSA).Applied neuropsychology. Adult · 2026Article
- Long-Acting Naltrexone Restores Network Connectivity in Subjects With Comorbid Cannabis and Opioid Use Disorder.Addiction biology · 2026Article
- Chronic cannabis use in people with bipolar disorder is associated with comparable decision-making and functional outcome to healthy participants.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Long-acting naltrexone restores network connectivity in subjects with co-morbid cannabis and opioid use disorder.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Subjective drug-effect ratings predict cannabis self-administration in people who use cannabis daily.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- Review
- The Neurocircuitry of Substance Use Disorder, Treatment, and Change: A Resource for Clinical Psychiatrists.The American journal of psychiatry · 2024Review
- Sex differences in the subjective and reinforcing effects of smoked cannabis.Addiction biology · 2023Article
- Impact of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition on cannabis withdrawal and circulating endocannabinoids in daily cannabis smokers.Addiction biology · 2022Article
- Respiratory failure in confirmed synthetic cannabinoid overdose.Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2022Observational
- Mu opioid receptor gene variant modulates subjective response to smoked cannabis.American journal of translational research · 2022Article
- 5HT-2C agonist lorcaserin decreases cannabis self-administration in daily cannabis smokers.Addiction biology · 2021Article
- Interventions for cannabis use disorder.Current opinion in psychology · 2021Review
- Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2021Review
- Mu-opioid antagonism in the treatment of cannabis use disorderJournal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Given that cannabis use is increasing in the United States, pharmacological treatment options to treat cannabis use disorder are needed. Opioid antagonists modulate cannabinoid effects and may offer a potential approach to reducing cannabis use. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled human laboratory study, we assessed the effects of naltrexone maintenance on the reinforcing, subjective, psychomotor, and cardiovascular effects of active and inactive cannabis. Nontreatment-seeking, daily cannabis smokers were randomized to receive naltrexone (50 mg: n=18 M and 5 F) or placebo (0 mg; n=26 M and 2 F) capsules for 16 days. Before, during, and after medication maintenance, participants completed 10 laboratory sessions over 4-6 weeks, assessing cannabis' behavioral and cardiovascular effects. Medication compliance was verified by observed capsule administration, plasma naltrexone, and urinary riboflavin. Relative to placebo, maintenance on naltrexone significantly reduced both active cannabis self-administration and its positive subjective effects ('good effect'). Participants in the placebo group had 7.6 times (95% CI: 1.1-51.8) the odds of self-administering active cannabis compared with the naltrexone group. This attenuation of reinforcing and positive subjective effects also influenced cannabis use in the natural ecology. Naltrexone had intrinsic effects: decreasing ratings of friendliness, food intake, and systolic blood pressure, and increasing spontaneous reports of stomach upset and headache, yet dropout rates were comparable between groups. In summary, we show for the first time that maintenance on naltrexone decreased cannabis self-administration and ratings of 'good effect' in nontreatment-seeking daily cannabis smokers. Clinical studies in patients motivated to reduce their cannabis use are warranted to evaluate naltrexone's efficacy as a treatment for cannabis use disorder.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.