ArticleBMC cancer2015
Breast and prostate cancer patients differ significantly in their serum Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) specific activities compared with those hematological malignancies and blood donors: implications of using serum TK1 as a biomarker.
Article in BMC cancer, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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25 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thymidine kinase 1 concentration and activity in metastatic breast cancer under CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dephosphorylation-related signature predicts the prognosis of papillary renal cell carcinoma.Translational cancer research · 2024Article
- Increased levels of thymidine kinase 1 in malignant cell-derived extracellular vesicles.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2024Article
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- Serum autoantibody profiling of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients reveals NUBP2 as a potential diagnostic marker.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Regulatory T cells are associated with the tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Establishment of a five-enzalutamide-resistance-related-gene-based classifier for recurrence-free survival predicting of prostate cancer.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2022Article
- Assessing the Potential Prognostic and Immunological Role of TK1 in Prostate Cancer.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
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- A comprehensive analysis of ncRNA-mediated interactions reveals potential prognostic biomarkers in prostate adenocarcinoma.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Article
- Comprehensive Characterization of the Function of Metabolic Genes and Establishment of a Prediction Model in Breast Cancer.Disease markers · 2022Article
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- Novel monoclonal antibodies against thymidine kinase 1 and their potential use for the immunotargeting of lung, breast and colon cancer cells.Cancer cell international · 2020Article
- Article
- Research status and progress of the RNA or protein biomarkers for prostate cancer.OncoTargets and therapy · 2019Review
- Clinically Relevant Post-Translational Modification Analyses-Maturing Workflows and Bioinformatics Tools.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Serum thymidine kinase 1 is associated with Gleason score of patients with prostate carcinoma.Oncology letters · 2018Article
- PMLPR: A novel method for predicting subcellular localization based on recommender systems.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- The expansion of targetable biomarkers for CAR T cell therapy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2018Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is a cellular enzyme involved in DNA precursor synthesis, and its activity has been used as a proliferation marker for monitoring malignant diseases. Here, for the first time, we evaluated both TK1 activity and protein levels in sera from patients with different malignancies.
methodsSerum samples from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS, n = 22), breast cancer (n = 42), prostate cancer (n = 47) and blood donors (n = 30) were analyzed for TK1 protein and activity levels, using a serum TK1 (STK1) protein assay based on antibodies and an activity assay that measured [(3)H]-deoxythymidine (dThd) phosphorylation. The molecular forms of TK1 in sera from some of these patients were analyzed using size-exclusion chromatography.
resultsMean STK1 activities in sera from MDS, breast and prostate cancer were 11 ± 17.5, 6.7 ± 19 and 1.8 ± 1.4 pmol/min/mL, differing significantly from blood donors (mean ± standard deviation (SD) = 1.1 ± 0.9 pmol/min/mL). Serum TK1 protein (25 kDa polypeptide) levels were also significantly higher in MDS, breast, prostate cancer compared to blood donors (mean ± SD = 19 ± 9, 22 ± 11, 20 ± 12, and 5 ± 3.5 ng/mL, respectively). The STK1 specific activities of sera from patients with MDS and blood donors were significantly higher when compared with activities in sera from breast and prostate cancer patients. Size-exclusion analysis of sera from breast and prostate cancer showed that the detected active TK1 was primarily a high molecular weight complex, similar to the forms found in sera from MDS patients and blood donors. However, Western blotting demonstrated high TK1 25 kDa protein levels in fractions lacking TK1 activity in sera from cases with breast and prostate cancer.
conclusionsThese results demonstrate that there are differences in the specific activities and the subunit compositions of STK1 in hematological malignancies compared with breast and prostate cancer. This fact has several important implications for the use of STK1 as a tumor biomarker. One is that STK1 protein assays may differentiate early-stage tumor development in breast and prostate cancer more effectively than STK1 activity assays.
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