ArticlePloS one2015
Graves' disease is associated with a defective expression of the immune regulatory molecule galectin-9 in antigen-presenting dendritic cells.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanoparticles in Thyroid Autoimmunity: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoints: new insights into the pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Comprehensive immunophenotypic analysis reveals the pathological involvement of Th17 cells in Graves' disease.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- miRNA-5119 regulates immune checkpoints in dendritic cells to enhance breast cancer immunotherapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2020Article
- Intracellular Galectin-9 Controls Dendritic Cell Function by Maintaining Plasma Membrane Rigidity.iScience · 2019Article
- Molecular Insights Into the Relationship Between Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases and Breast Cancer: A Critical Perspective on Autoimmunity and ER Stress.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Decreased Expression of TIM-3 on Th17 Cells Associated with Ophthalmopathy in Patients with Graves' Disease.Current molecular medicine · 2018Article
- Role of the T and B lymphocytes in pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases.Thyroid research · 2018Article
- Translational Implication of Galectin-9 in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Viral Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- Protective effect of Galectin-9 in murine model of lung emphysema: Involvement of neutrophil migration and MMP-9 production.PloS one · 2017Article
- Review
- Genetic Selection of Peptide Aptamers That Interact and Inhibit Both Small Protein B and Alternative Ribosome-Rescue Factor A of Aeromonas veronii C4.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Immunomodulatory Factors Galectin-9 and Interferon-Gamma Synergize to Induce Expression of Rate-Limiting Enzymes of theFrontiers in immunology · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPatients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) show defects in their immune-regulatory mechanisms. Herein we assessed the expression and function of galectin-1 and galectin-9 (Gal-1, Gal-9) in dendritic cells (DCs) from patients with AITD. MATERIALS AND
methodsPeripheral blood samples from 25 patients with Graves' disease (GD), 11 Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and 24 healthy subjects were studied. Thyroid tissue samples from 44 patients with AITD and 22 patients with goiter were also analyzed. Expression and function of Gal-1 and Gal-9 was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.
resultsA diminished expression of Gal-9, but not of Gal-1, by peripheral blood DCs was observed in GD patients, mainly in those with Graves´ ophthalmopathy, and a significant negative association between disease severity and Gal-9 expression was detected. In addition, the mRNA levels of Gal-9 and its ligand TIM-3 were increased in thyroid tissue from AITD patients and its expression was associated with the levels of Th1/Th12/Th17 cytokines. Immunofluorescence studies proved that intrathyroidal Gal-9 expression was confined to DCs and macrophages. Finally, in vitro functional assays showed that exogenous Gal-9 had a suppressive effect on the release of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines by DC/lymphocyte autologous co-cultures from both AITD patients and healthy controls.
conclusionsThe altered pattern of expression of Gal-9 in peripheral blood DCs from GD patients, its correlation with disease severity as well as its ability to suppress cytokine release suggest that Gal-9 could be involved in the pathogenesis of AITD.
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