ReviewPLoS pathogens2015
Viral inhibition of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP): a striking example of functional convergent evolution.
Review in PLoS pathogens, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- An insight to HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) pathogenesis; evidence from high-throughput data integration and meta-analysis.Retrovirology · 2019Pooled it
- The diverse functions of viral microproteins.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Architectural principles of transporter-chaperone coupling within the native MHC I peptide-loading complex.Science advances · 2026Article
- Herpesvirus-host interactions in neurological diseases: the immunogenetic role of HLA-E.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Immunoevasion strategies for African swine fever virus: Modulation of antigen presentation pathways.Virulence · 2025Review
- Structurally diverse viral inhibitors converge on a shared mechanism to stall the antigen transporter TAP.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Review
- A Structural Atlas of TAP Inhibition by Herpesviruses and Poxviruses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- MHC-I pathway disruption by viruses: insights into immune evasion and vaccine design for animals.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Identification of TAP2 protein variants resistant to inhibition by the HSV1 ICP47 protein.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Cytomegalovirus inhibitors of programmed cell death restrict antigen cross-presentation in the priming of antiviral CD8 T cells.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Stealth transgenes enable CAR-T cells to evade host immune responses.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- The herpesvirus UL49.5 protein hijacks a cellular C-degron pathway to drive TAP transporter degradation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Diverse cytomegalovirus US11 antagonism and MHC-A evasion strategies reveal a tit-for-tat coevolutionary arms race in hominids.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Major histocompatibility complex class I assembly within endolysosomal pathways.Current opinion in immunology · 2023Review
- Evolutionary repeatability of emergent properties of ecological communities.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Endo-lysosomal assembly variations among human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA class I) allotypes.eLife · 2023Article
- Simplexviruses Successfully Adapt to Their Host by Fine-Tuning Immune Responses.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Article
- Antigen presentation by MHC-E: a putative target for vaccination?Trends in immunology · 2022Review
- Spotlight on TAP and its vital role in antigen presentation and cross-presentation.Molecular immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Herpesviruses are large DNA viruses that are highly abundant within their host populations. Even in the presence of a healthy immune system, these viruses manage to cause lifelong infections. This persistence is partially mediated by the virus entering latency, a phase of infection characterized by limited viral protein expression. Moreover, herpesviruses have devoted a significant part of their coding capacity to immune evasion strategies. It is believed that the close coexistence of herpesviruses and their hosts has resulted in the evolution of viral proteins that specifically attack multiple arms of the host immune system. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an important role in antiviral immunity. CTLs recognize their target through viral peptides presented in the context of MHC molecules at the cell surface. Every herpesvirus studied to date encodes multiple immune evasion molecules that effectively interfere with specific steps of the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway. The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) plays a key role in the loading of viral peptides onto MHC class I molecules. This is reflected by the numerous ways herpesviruses have developed to block TAP function. In this review, we describe the characteristics and mechanisms of action of all known virus-encoded TAP inhibitors. Orthologs of these proteins encoded by related viruses are identified, and the conservation of TAP inhibition is discussed. A phylogenetic analysis of members of the family Herpesviridae is included to study the origin of these molecules. In addition, we discuss the characteristics of the first TAP inhibitor identified outside the herpesvirus family, namely, in cowpox virus. The strategies of TAP inhibition employed by viruses are very distinct and are likely to have been acquired independently during evolution. These findings and the recent discovery of a non-herpesvirus TAP inhibitor represent a striking example of functional convergent evolution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.