ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2015
Long-term exposure to air pollution and mammographic density in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and Breast Cancer Risk Worldwide: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- Breast Cancer Risk in Association with Atmospheric Pollution Exposure: A Meta-Analysis of Effect Estimates Followed by a Health Impact Assessment.Environmental health perspectives · 2021Pooled it
- Age at First Full-term Pregnancy and Other Reproductive Factors Are Associated with Mammographic Breast Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Study in Flanders, Belgium.Cancer research communications · 2025Article
- Outdoor air pollution exposure and uterine cancer incidence in the Sister Study.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2024Article
- Mammographic density and exposure to air pollutants in premenopausal women: a cross-sectional study.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Association of air pollution with postmenopausal breast cancer risk in UK Biobank.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Article
- Outdoor air pollution and histologic composition of normal breast tissue.Environment international · 2023Article
- Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Breast Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Cancers · 2023Review
- Exposure to natural vegetation in relation to mammographic density in a Massachusetts-based clinical cohort.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2022Article
- Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during pregnancy and breast tissue composition in adolescent daughters and their mothers: a prospective cohort study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2022Article
- Air pollution exposure and mammographic breast density in Tehran, Iran: a cross-sectional study.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Relationship between Air Pollutant Exposure and Gynecologic Cancer Risk.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Breast cancer incidence and the air pollution level in the communes of Chile: an ecological study.Ecancermedicalscience · 2021Article
- Outdoor air pollution and cancer: An overview of the current evidence and public health recommendations.CA: a cancer journal for clinicians · 2020Review
- Involvement of fine particulate matter exposure with gene expression pathways in breast tumor and adjacent-normal breast tissue.Environmental research · 2020Article
- Impact of air pollution on breast cancer incidence and mortality: a nationwide analysis in South Korea.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Mammographic Density and Screening Sensitivity, Breast Cancer Incidence and Associated Risk Factors in Danish Breast Cancer Screening.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Article
- Airborne metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in relation to mammographic breast density.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2019Article
- Regular physical activity and mammographic density: a cohort study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2018Article
- Hormone replacement therapy, mammographic density, and breast cancer risk: a cohort study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGrowing evidence suggests that air pollution may be a risk factor for breast cancer, but the biological mechanism remains unknown. High mammographic density (MD) is one of the strongest predictors and biomarkers of breast cancer risk, but it has yet to be linked to air pollution. We investigated the association between long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and MD in a prospective cohort of women 50 years and older.
methodsFor the 4,769 women (3,930 postmenopausal) participants in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort (1993-1997) who attended mammographic screening in Copenhagen (1993-2001), we used MD assessed at the first screening after cohort entry. MD was defined as mixed/dense or fatty. Traffic-related air pollution at residence was assessed by modeled levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The association between mean NOx and NO2 levels since 1971 until cohort baseline (1993-97) and MD was analyzed using logistic regression, adjusting for confounders, and separately by menopause, smoking status, and obesity.
resultsWe found inverse, statistically borderline significant associations between long-term exposure to air pollution and having mixed/dense MD in our fully adjusted model (OR; 95% CI: 0.96; 0.93-1.01 per 20 μg/m(3) of NOx and 0.89; 0.80- 0.98 per 10 μg/m(3) of NO2). There was no interaction with menopause, smoking, or obesity.
conclusionTraffic-related air pollution exposure does not increase MD, indicating that if air pollution increases breast cancer risk, it is not via MD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.