ReviewBMC medicine2015
Unraveling the Hygiene Hypothesis of helminthes and autoimmunity: origins, pathophysiology, and clinical applications.
Review in BMC medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The immune-modulatory potential of helminth-derived proteins in cellular models of inflammation: a systematic review with cross-study quantitative data analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Trichinella spiralis infection remodels intestinal neurotransmitter metabolism during LPS-induced systemic inflammation.Food and waterborne parasitology · 2026Article
- The TPx Protein ofCells · 2026Article
- Anisakiasis: A Decade of Molecular and Diagnostic Advancements (2015-2026).International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota Resilience and Environmental Stressors: A Hidden Key to Lifespan Optimization?Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Bugs as drugs: parasite biomolecules as novel therapeutics against breast cancer.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory effects of nematode-microbiota interactions in cancer therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune responses to infection and autoimmune diseases in the UK biobank.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Article
- Multi-omics profiling uncovers paradoxical Epstein-Barr virus involvement in autoimmune liver disease pathogenesis.AMB Express · 2025Article
- Cichlid fishes are promising underutilized models to investigate helminth-host-microbiome interactions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Borrelia burgdorferi infections in patients with multiple sclerosis in Poland.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Probiotics to Prevent Celiac Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Medical Applications of Molecular Biotechnologies in the Context of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Antibodies against Phosphorylcholine-Implications for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases.Metabolites · 2023Review
- COVID-19 morbidity in lower versus higher income populations underscores the need to restore lost biodiversity of eukaryotic symbionts.iScience · 2023Review
- The helminth derived peptide FhHDM-1 redirects macrophage metabolism towards glutaminolysis to regulate the pro-inflammatory response.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Rural Embodiment and Community Health: an Anthropological Case Study on Biocultural Determinants of Tropical Disease Infection and Immune System Development in the USA.Current tropical medicine reports · 2023Review
- Toxic Occupational Exposures and Membranous Nephropathy.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2022Observational
- Treatment with Extracellular Vesicles from Giardia lamblia Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice.The Korean journal of parasitology · 2022Article
- Cysteine protease of Clonorchis sinensis alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Hygiene Hypothesis (HH) attributes the dramatic increase in autoimmune and allergic diseases observed in recent decades in Western countries to the reduced exposure to diverse immunoregulatory infectious agents. This theory has since largely been supported by strong epidemiological and experimental evidence. DISCUSSION: The analysis of these data along with the evolution of the Western world's microbiome enable us to obtain greater insight into microorganisms involved in the HH, as well as their regulatory mechanisms on the immune system. Helminthes and their derivatives were shown to have a protective role. Helminthes' broad immunomodulatory properties have already begun to be exploited in clinical trials of autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and type-1 diabetes. SUMMARY: In this review, we will dissect the microbial actors thought to be involved in the HH as well as their immunomodulatory mechanisms as emphasized by experimental studies, with a particular attention on parasites. Thereafter, we will review the early clinical trials using helminthes' derivatives focusing on autoimmune diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.