ArticlePLoS biology2015
Numerous transitions of sex chromosomes in Diptera.
Article in PLoS biology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 240 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
240 citing papers in PubMed, 420 citations in OpenAlex.
- Widespread male-female expression imbalance of X-linked genes across phrynosomatid lizards.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Mixed Evidence that Dosage Sensitive Genes Drive Global Dosage Compensation in Flour Beetles.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Asymmetric chromatin accessibility underlies anterior-posterior axis specification in moth fly embryos.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera.Evolution letters · 2026Article
- Species-rich and genomically diverse: comparative genomics reveals how fusions, fissions, and sex chromosomes have shaped beetle evolution.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Chromosome-scale genome assembly of the South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus sp.1.Insect science · 2026Article
- Genome-Wide Characterization of Sex-Linked Regions in the Sangzhi Horned Toad (Boulenophrys sangzhiensis) Reveals Complex Sex Determination Mechanisms.Molecular ecology resources · 2026Article
- Shared Origin of Y and Z Chromosomes in the Turnover of XY and ZW Systems in the FrogBiomolecules · 2026Article
- Evolutionary Dynamics of Dosage Compensation and Sex-biased Gene Expression in Morabine Grasshopper Vandiemenella viatica.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Navigating the Semantic Labyrinth of "Sex" in the Study of Reproductive Trait Evolution.Integrative and comparative biology · 2026Article
- Genome report: chromosome-scale genome assembly of the olive fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae).G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
- The genome sequence of a muscid fly,Wellcome open research · 2026Article
- The genome sequence of a blow fly,Wellcome open research · 2026Article
- The genome sequence of a muscid fly,Wellcome open research · 2026Article
- The genome sequence of a muscid fly,Wellcome open research · 2026Article
- The genome sequence of the muscid fly,Wellcome open research · 2026Article
- The genome sequence of a hoverfly ,Wellcome open research · 2026Article
- The genome sequence of an opomyzid fly,Wellcome open research · 2026Article
- The genome sequence of the fungus gnat,Wellcome open research · 2026Article
- The genome sequence of the Silver Colonel,Wellcome open research · 2026Article
180 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Many species groups, including mammals and many insects, determine sex using heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Diptera flies, which include the model Drosophila melanogaster, generally have XY sex chromosomes and a conserved karyotype consisting of six chromosomal arms (five large rods and a small dot), but superficially similar karyotypes may conceal the true extent of sex chromosome variation. Here, we use whole-genome analysis in 37 fly species belonging to 22 different families of Diptera and uncover tremendous hidden diversity in sex chromosome karyotypes among flies. We identify over a dozen different sex chromosome configurations, and the small dot chromosome is repeatedly used as the sex chromosome, which presumably reflects the ancestral karyotype of higher Diptera. However, we identify species with undifferentiated sex chromosomes, others in which a different chromosome replaced the dot as a sex chromosome or in which up to three chromosomal elements became incorporated into the sex chromosomes, and others yet with female heterogamety (ZW sex chromosomes). Transcriptome analysis shows that dosage compensation has evolved multiple times in flies, consistently through up-regulation of the single X in males. However, X chromosomes generally show a deficiency of genes with male-biased expression, possibly reflecting sex-specific selective pressures. These species thus provide a rich resource to study sex chromosome biology in a comparative manner and show that similar selective forces have shaped the unique evolution of sex chromosomes in diverse fly taxa.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.