ArticleParasitology research2015
Sex hormones modulate the immune response to Plasmodium berghei ANKA in CBA/Ca mice.
Article in Parasitology research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Androgens inhibit protective CD8Nature communications · 2025Article
- Characterization of experimental cerebral malaria by volumetric MRI A comparative study across the sexes.PloS one · 2025Article
- DHEA Induces Sex-Associated Differential Patterns in Cytokine and Antibody Levels in Mice Infected withInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Immunomodulatory effects of testosterone and letrozole duringFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Response to Article "Evaluation of the Anti-Malarial Activity of the Crude Root Extract and Solvent Fraction ofJournal of experimental pharmacology · 2023Article
- Testosterone induces sexual dimorphism during infection withFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Tamoxifen Suppresses the Immune Response toPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- 17β-Estradiol Is Involved in the Sexual Dimorphism of the Immune Response to Malaria.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Level of circulating steroid hormones in malaria and cutaneous leishmaniasis: a case control study.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2019Article
- Sex-Associated Differential mRNA Expression of Cytokines and Its Regulation by Sex Steroids in Different Brain Regions in aMediators of inflammation · 2018Article
- Ectoparasite Burden, Clinical Disease, and Immune Responses throughout Fur Mite (Myocoptes musculinus) Infestation in C57BL/6 and Rag1(-/-) Mice.Comparative medicine · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Susceptibility to malaria differs between females and males, and this sexual dimorphism may have important implications for the effects of vaccines and drugs. However, little is known about the mechanisms mediating these sexual differences. Because the main differences between sexes are dictated by sex hormones, we studied the effect of gonadal steroids on immune responses to malaria in CBA/Ca mice. We decreased sex hormones levels by gonadectomy and evaluated the splenic index and the cells involved in the immune response, including T cells (CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+) and NK(+)), B cells and macrophages (Mac-3(+)) in the spleens of female and male mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. In addition, we measured antibody and cytokine levels in blood. Gonadectomy increased T(+) and B(+) splenic cells in both sexes but increased Mac-3(+) cells only in male mice. By contrast, gonadectomy decreased the NK(+) cell population only in male mice. In general, female mice developed higher antibody levels than males. Contrary to our expectations, gonadectomy increased the synthesis of IgG1, IgG2b, IgG3, and total IgG in female mice, indicating negative regulation of antibody production by female sex hormones. Gonadectomy increased the synthesis of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) only in female mice, suggesting that female sex hormones have anti-inflammatory properties. This work demonstrates that the levels of sex hormones affect the immune response and should be considered when designing malaria vaccines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.