ArticlePloS one2015
Bupropion use and risk of open-angle glaucoma among enrollees in a large U.S. managed care network.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Psychotropic Medications on Glaucoma Risk and Intraocular Pressure: A Bayesian Meta-Analysis.CNS drugs · 2026Pooled it
- Review
- Glaucoma and Autoimmunity: Immunopathogenic Mechanisms and Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapies.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Translational Research and Therapies for Neuroprotection and Regeneration of the Optic Nerve and Retina: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Genetic Associations Between Smoking- and Glaucoma-Related Traits.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- A Review of Ocular Complications Associated with Medications Used for Anxiety, Depression, and Stress.Clinical optometry · 2022Review
- Review
- Psychopharmacological Treatment, Intraocular Pressure and the Risk of Glaucoma: A Review of Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- A review of systemic medications that may modulate the risk of glaucoma.Eye (London, England) · 2020Review
- Incidence of and Risk Factors for Developing Idiopathic Macular Hole Among a Diverse Group of Patients Throughout the United States.JAMA ophthalmology · 2017Article
- The Role of the IL-20 Subfamily in Glaucoma.Mediators of inflammation · 2016Review
- MicroRNA Expression in the Glaucomatous Retina.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) mediates retinal ganglion cell death in glaucoma. Anti-TNF drugs are neuroprotective in an animal model of glaucoma. It is unclear whether medications with anti-TNF properties such as bupropion have an impact on the risk of developing open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in humans. The purpose of this study is to determine whether bupropion use alters the risk of developing OAG.
methodsClaims data for beneficiaries age ≥35 years with no pre-existing OAG enrolled in a large nationwide U.S. managed care network continuously for ≥4 years between 2001-2011 was analyzed to identify patients who had been newly-diagnosed with OAG. The amount of bupropion use as captured from outpatient pharmacy claims over a four-year period was also quantified for each beneficiary. Multivariable Cox regression modeling assessed the impact of bupropion and other antidepressant medications on the risk of developing OAG with adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics of the enrollees along with medical and ocular comorbidities.
resultsOf 638,481 eligible enrollees, 15,292 (2.4%) developed OAG. After adjustment for confounding factors including use of other antidepressant medication classes, each additional month of bupropion use was associated with a 0.6% reduced risk of OAG (HR = 0.994, (95% CI: 0.989-0.998), p = 0.007). Compared to nonusers, those with 24-48 months of bupropion use had a 21% reduced hazard (HR=0.79, (CI: 0.65-0.94), p = 0.0099) of OAG. This association did not differ among persons taking bupropion for depression or for other reasons (p-interaction = 0.82). There was no significant association between use of tricyclic antidepressants (HR = 1.000, (CI: 0.997-1.004), p = 0.95) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (HR = 0.999, (CI: 0.997-1.001), p = 0.39) and development of OAG.
conclusionThese findings suggest bupropion use may be beneficial in reducing the risk of OAG. If prospective studies confirm the findings of this analysis, this may identify a novel therapeutic target for OAG.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.