Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25873986›Full record

ArticleInternational breastfeeding journal2015

Effects of early feeding on growth velocity and overweight/obesity in a cohort of HIV unexposed South African infants and children.

Vundli Ramokolo, Carl Lombard, Meera Chhagan, Ingunn Ms Engebretsen, Tanya Doherty, Ameena E Goga, Lars Thore Fadnes, Wanga Zembe, Debra J Jackson, Jan Van den Broeck

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International breastfeeding journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Vundli RamokoloHealth Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa ; Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Carl LombardBiostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
Meera ChhaganCentre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ; School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa ; Department of Pediatrics, University of KwaZulu Natal, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.
Ingunn Ms EngebretsenCentre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Tanya DohertyHealth Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa ; School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
Ameena E GogaHealth Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa ; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kalafong Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Lars Thore FadnesCentre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ; Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Wanga ZembeHealth Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
Debra J JacksonSchool of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
Jan Van den BroeckCentre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSouth Africa has the highest prevalence of overweight/obesity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Assessing the effect of modifiable factors such as early infant feeding on growth velocity and overweight/obesity is therefore important. This paper aimed to assess the effect of infant feeding in the transitional period (12 weeks) on 12-24 week growth velocity amongst HIV unexposed children using WHO growth velocity standards and on the age and sex adjusted body mass index (BMI) Z-score distribution at 2 years.

methodsData were from 3 sites in South Africa participating in the PROMISE-EBF trial. We calculated growth velocity Z-scores using the WHO growth standards and assessed feeding practices using 24-hour and 7-day recall data. We used quantile regression to study the associations between 12 week infant feeding and 12-24 week weight velocity (WVZ) with BMI-for-age Z-score at 2 years. We included the internal sample quantiles (70th and 90th centiles) that approximated the reference cut-offs of +2 (corresponding to overweight) and +3 (corresponding to obesity) of the 2 year BMI-for-age Z-scores.

resultsAt the 2-year visit, 641 children were analysed (median age 22 months, IQR: 17-26 months). Thirty percent were overweight while 8.7% were obese. Children not breastfed at 12 weeks had higher 12-24 week mean WVZ and were more overweight and obese at 2 years. In the quantile regression, children not breastfed at 12 weeks had a 0.37 (95% CI 0.07, 0.66) increment in BMI-for-age Z-score at the 50th sample quantile compared to breast-fed children. This difference in BMI-for-age Z-score increased to 0.46 (95% CI 0.18, 0.74) at the 70th quantile and 0.68 (95% CI 0.41, 0.94) at the 90th quantile . The 12-24 week WVZ had a uniform independent effect across the same quantiles.

conclusionsThis study demonstrates that the first 6 months of life is a critical period in the development of childhood overweight and obesity. Interventions targeted at modifiable factors such as early infant feeding practices may reduce the risks of rapid weight gain and subsequent childhood overweight/obesity.

Identifiers

PMID25873986
PMCPMC4396061

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.