ReviewMediators of inflammation2015
Relationship between gingival inflammation and pregnancy.
Review in Mediators of inflammation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06343337 (The Effects of Pregnancy on Oral Health, Salivary ph and Flow Rate), which is not on this map. Cited by 89 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effects of Pregnancy on Oral Health, Salivary ph and Flow Rate
Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 220 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2023.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- [Pathways and Mechanisms of Periodontitis Contributing to Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2023Pooled it
- Does Treatment of Gingivitis During Pregnancy Improve Pregnancy Outcomes? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2021Pooled it
- The effect of web-based educational intervention on caries-preventive oral health behaviors in pregnant women: an application of the health belief model.BMC public health · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Clinical study showing a lower abundance of Neisseria in the oral microbiome aligns with low birth weight pregnancy outcomes.Clinical oral investigations · 2022Trial
- Characterizing the supragingival microbiome of healthy pregnant women.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Trial
- Regular consumption of Lactobacillus reuteri-containing lozenges reduces pregnancy gingivitis: an RCT.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2016Trial
- High Gingival Bleeding Burden in Late Pregnancy Is Associated with a Salivary Profile of Inflammatory, Regulatory, and Stress-Response Signals.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- [Age-Related Changes in the Oral Microbiota].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026Review
- The Maternal Microbiome in Pregnancy: From Physiological Changes to Dysbiosis and Obstetrical Complications-Therapeutic Perspectives.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Effect of an Oral Health Education Program on Knowledge, Attitude, and Clinical Oral Health Indices in Pregnant Women in Urmia, Iran: A Nonrandomized Controlled Intervention Study.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Oral Health: A Narrative Review of Hormonal Influences and Disease Patterns.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Oral Hygiene Practices, Knowledge, and Awareness of Periodontal Disease Among Pregnant Women Visiting the Antenatal Clinic at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Midwifery Students' Knowledge and Need of Education Toward Oral Diseases in France.International journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- Shifting hormones, shaping health: Gender-affirming therapy & oral care.International journal of transgender health · 2026Article
- Review
- Oral Health Status and Awareness among Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Meerut, India.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2025Article
- Diet in Pregnancy: A Review of Current Challenges and Recommendations. A British Nutrition Foundation Briefing Paper.Nutrition bulletin · 2025Review
- Expert consensus on the treatment of oral diseases in pregnant women and infants.International journal of oral science · 2025Review
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An increase in the prevalence and severity of gingival inflammation during pregnancy has been reported since the 1960s. Though the etiology is not fully known, it is believed that increasing plasma sex steroid hormone levels during pregnancy have a dramatic effect on the periodontium. Current works of research have shown that estrogen and progesterone increasing during pregnancy are supposed to be responsible for gingivitis progression. This review is focused not only on epidemiological studies, but also on the effects of progesterone and estrogen on the change of subgingival microbiota and immunologic physiological mediators in periodontal tissue (gingiva and periodontal ligament), which provides current information about the effects of pregnancy on gingival inflammation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.