Trial reportTrials2015
The AvecNet Trial to assess whether addition of pyriproxyfen, an insect juvenile hormone mimic, to long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets provides additional protection against clinical malaria over current best practice in an area with pyrethroid-resistant vectors in rural Burkina Faso: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in Trials, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and Efficacy of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets for Malaria Control in Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Article
- Article
- Understanding the current state-of-the-art of long-lasting insecticide nets and potential for sustainable alternatives.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2022Review
- Estimating intervention effectiveness in trials of malaria interventions with contamination.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Pyriproxyfen-treated bed nets reduce reproductive fitness and longevity of pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae under laboratory and field conditions.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Stage-specific action of juvenile hormone analogs.Journal of pesticide science · 2021Article
- Managing mosquitoes and ticks in a rapidly changing world - Facts and trends.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2019Review
- Pyriproxyfen-Treated Polypropylene Sheets and Resting Boxes for Controlling Mosquitoes in Livestock Operations.Insects · 2019Article
- Vector biology meets disease control: using basic research to fight vector-borne diseases.Nature microbiology · 2019Review
- Article
- "We don't want our clothes to smell smoke": changing malaria control practices and opportunities for integrated community-based management in Baringo, Kenya.BMC public health · 2018Article
- Current and Future Prospects for Preventing Malaria Transmission via the Use of Insecticides.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2017Review
- Pyriproxyfen is metabolized by P450s associated with pyrethroid resistance in An. gambiae.Insect biochemistry and molecular biology · 2016Article
- Stepped wedge cluster randomised trials: a review of the statistical methodology used and available.BMC medical research methodology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRecent reductions in malaria in sub-Saharan Africa have been associated with increased coverage with long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). Pyrethroids are currently the only insecticide class used for treating nets, and the rapid increase in resistance to pyrethroids in vector mosquitoes may jeopardise future vector control. Nets containing a novel combination of permethrin, a pyrethroid, and pyriproxyfen, an insect juvenile hormone mimic, (PPF-LLIN) may enhance malaria control, as well as reducing the spread of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes. This trial will determine whether PPF-LLINs provide incremental protection against malaria over current best practice of LLINs and prompt treatment in an area with pyrethroid-resistant vectors.
methodsA 2 armed cluster-randomised controlled trial will be conducted in Burkina Faso to assess whether PPF-LLIN (containing 2% permethrin and 1% pyriproxyfen w/w) provide better protection against clinical malaria in children than 2% permethrin-treated LLINs. Study subjects will be recruited and provided with LLINs at the start of the study. The LLINs will be exchanged for PPF-LLIN by cluster in a step-wedge fashion so 3 months before the end of the 2 year trial all participants will have a PPF-LLIN. The primary endpoint will be clinical malaria incidence measured by passive case detection in a cohort of children, aged 6 months to 5 years. Anaemia and parasite prevalence will also be measured in children during cross-sectional surveys. Exposure to malaria parasites will be assessed using light traps followed by identification of common vector species and their sporozoite infection rates. Safety evaluation will include recording of adverse events and pregnancy outcomes. The main endpoint analysis will include adjusting for distance between village clusters with different types of nets, as the impact of PPF-LLIN is likely to increase as larger areas are dominated by PPF-LLIN, reducing the spill over of mosquitoes from villages with LLINs. DISCUSSION: The step-wedge design is to measure the impact of an incrementally delivered environmental intervention where we expect the degree of control to be improved as more people use PPF-LLIN over a larger area. Trial findings will help inform policy makers on the effectiveness of PPF-LLIN nets for malaria control in areas of pyrethroid resistance.
trial registrationISRCTN21853394 - AvecNet, registered on 3 April 2013.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.