Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25873071›Full record

SynthesisRespirology (Carlton, Vic.)2015

Use of non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce the transmission of influenza in adults: A systematic review.

Sheree M S Smith, Sandra Sonego, Gwenyth R Wallen, Grant Waterer, Allen C Cheng, Philip Thompson

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Respirology (Carlton, Vic.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04245800 (Behavioral Patterns and Patient Self-completed Diagnostic Testing Study of Respiratory Viral Infection "Home Testing of Respiratory Illness"), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04245800 completednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Behavioral Patterns and Patient Self-completed Diagnostic Testing Study of Respiratory Viral Infection "Home Testing of Respiratory Illness"

TypeobservationalSponsorEvidation HealthRan2019 to 2020Enrolled5,233ConditionsInfluenza -Like Illness, Influenza A, Influenza Type B, Respiratory Viral Infection
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  11. Reconstructing household transmission dynamics to estimate the infectiousness of asymptomatic influenza virus infections.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
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  15. Review
  16. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

Sheree M S SmithSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Sandra SonegoSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Gwenyth R WallenNational Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Grant WatererSchool of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Allen C ChengInfectious Diseases Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Philip ThompsonSchool of Medicine and Pharmacology, Queen Elizabeth II Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Chelsea and Westminster Hospital · GBMonash Health · AUNational Institutes of Health Clinical Center · USQueen Elizabeth II Medical Centre · AUUniversity of Western Australia · AUWestern Sydney University · AU

Funding

Intramural NIH HHS Z99 CL999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

During seasonal influenza epidemics and pandemics, virus transmission causes significant public health concern. Reduction of viral transmission by non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) has a significant appeal and is often recommended. However, the efficacy of such interventions is unclear. A systematic literature review was undertaken to identify and evaluate the published literature on NPI efficacy to prevent human transmission of influenza virus in adults. Reviewers assessed the quality of eligible studies utilizing the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme for bias and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network for methodological quality. Studies were assessed for risk of bias domains of random sequence generation, allocation concealment, attribution bias, selective reporting and blinding. Relevant citations of 2247 were reduced to 100 for full-text evaluation. Only seven met all selection criteria and pooled analysis was not feasible. Of the seven studies, two were randomized controlled trials (RCT) and five were cluster RCT. The main NPI studied were disinfection and hygiene; barriers; and combined NPI. However, these seven RCT had significant design flaws. Only two studies used laboratory confirmed influenza and poor statistical power was a major problem. Positive significant interventions included professional oral hygiene intervention in the elderly and hand washing. Despite the potential for NPI in preventing influenza transmission, there is very limited data available. Hand washing and dental hygiene may be useful, but other interventions have not been fully assessed. Properly designed studies evaluating large populations including 'at risk' patients and in a variety of communities are needed.

Indexed as

Communicable Disease ControlAdultHumansInfluenza, Humanepidemicinfluenzanon-pharmaceuticalpandemicseasonal

Identifiers

PMID25873071
PMCPMC4699551
OpenAlexW1546604801

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.