Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25870293›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015

Neuronal medium that supports basic synaptic functions and activity of human neurons in vitro.

Cedric Bardy, Mark van den Hurk, Tameji Eames, Cynthia Marchand, Ruben V Hernandez, Mariko Kellogg, Mark Gorris, Ben Galet, Vanessa Palomares, Joshua Brown and 6 more

Erratum issuedAbstract readEvaluation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 266 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
266citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

266 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  18. Non-microglial downregulation ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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206 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Cedric BardySalk Institute for Biological Studies, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037; cbardy@salk.edu gage@salk.edu.
Mark van den HurkSalk Institute for Biological Studies, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Division of Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands;
Tameji EamesSalk Institute for Biological Studies, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037;
Cynthia MarchandSalk Institute for Biological Studies, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; and.
Ruben V HernandezSalk Institute for Biological Studies, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037;
Mariko KelloggSalk Institute for Biological Studies, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037;
Mark GorrisSalk Institute for Biological Studies, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037;
Ben GaletSalk Institute for Biological Studies, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037;
Vanessa PalomaresSalk Institute for Biological Studies, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037;
Joshua BrownConrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.
Anne G BangConrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.
Jerome MertensSalk Institute for Biological Studies, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037;
Lena BöhnkeSalk Institute for Biological Studies, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037;
Leah BoyerSalk Institute for Biological Studies, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037;
Suzanne SimonSalk Institute for Biological Studies, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037;
Fred H GageSalk Institute for Biological Studies, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037; cbardy@salk.edu gage@salk.edu.

Funding

Viral Vector Core (VVC)P30CA014195 · NCI · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI Ye Zheng · 1985 to 2026
$82.8M
Single-Cell Approaches to Reveal How Jumping Genes Individualize Neural CircuitsR01MH095741 · NIMH · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI GAGE, FRED H · 2011 to 2015
$6.5M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA014195NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH095741
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Human cell reprogramming technologies offer access to live human neurons from patients and provide a new alternative for modeling neurological disorders in vitro. Neural electrical activity is the essence of nervous system function in vivo. Therefore, we examined neuronal activity in media widely used to culture neurons. We found that classic basal media, as well as serum, impair action potential generation and synaptic communication. To overcome this problem, we designed a new neuronal medium (BrainPhys basal + serum-free supplements) in which we adjusted the concentrations of inorganic salts, neuroactive amino acids, and energetic substrates. We then tested that this medium adequately supports neuronal activity and survival of human neurons in culture. Long-term exposure to this physiological medium also improved the proportion of neurons that were synaptically active. The medium was designed to culture human neurons but also proved adequate for rodent neurons. The improvement in BrainPhys basal medium to support neurophysiological activity is an important step toward reducing the gap between brain physiological conditions in vivo and neuronal models in vitro.

Indexed as

Models, NeurologicalBrainCell Culture TechniquesCulture MediaHumansIn Vitro TechniquesNeuronsPatch-Clamp TechniquesSynapsesCulture MediaBrainPhysinduced pluripotent stem cellsneurobasal DMEMneuromediumtissue culture milieu

Identifiers

PMID25870293
PMCPMC4443325

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.