Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25870065›Full record

ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2015

Contribution of stress responses to antibiotic tolerance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.

Philip S Stewart, Michael J Franklin, Kerry S Williamson, James P Folsom, Laura Boegli, Garth A James

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
93citing papers in PubMed
7.5field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

93 citing papers in PubMed, 134 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. The Role of the SOS Response in the Adaptation ofCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. UnderstandingMicroorganisms · 2026
    Review
  8. Factors governing the response ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
    Review
  9. Mapping the knowledge landscape ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Bacterial persisters: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic development.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024
    Review
  20. Article

33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Philip S StewartDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA phil_s@biofilm.montana.edu.
Michael J FranklinDepartment of Microbiology and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
Kerry S WilliamsonDepartment of Microbiology and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
James P FolsomDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
Laura BoegliDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
Garth A JamesDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
Montana State University · US

Funding

Resuscitation of P. aeruginosa biofilm cells from dormancyR01AI113330 · NIAID · MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY - BOZEMAN · PI FRANKLIN, MICHAEL J. · 2014 to 2018
$1.6M
Spatiotemporal Distribution of Oxygen in Biofilm InfectionsR01GM109452 · NIGMS · MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY - BOZEMAN · PI STEWART, PHILIP S · 2013 to 2015
$891k
Genetic and physiological analyses of P. aeruginosa dormancy factorsR21AI140163 · NIAID · MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY - BOZEMAN · PI FRANKLIN, MICHAEL J. · 2018 to 2019
$391k
NIAID NIH HHS AI113330NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI113330NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI140163NIGMS NIH HHS GM109452NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM109452
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Enhanced tolerance of biofilm-associated bacteria to antibiotic treatments is likely due to a combination of factors, including changes in cell physiology as bacteria adapt to biofilm growth and the inherent physiological heterogeneity of biofilm bacteria. In this study, a transcriptomics approach was used to identify genes differentially expressed during biofilm growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These genes were tested for statistically significant overlap, with independently compiled gene lists corresponding to stress responses and other putative antibiotic-protective mechanisms. Among the gene groups tested were those associated with biofilm response to tobramycin or ciprofloxacin, drug efflux pumps, acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing, osmotic shock, heat shock, hypoxia stress, and stationary-phase growth. Regulons associated with Anr-mediated hypoxia stress, RpoS-regulated stationary-phase growth, and osmotic stress were significantly enriched in the set of genes induced in the biofilm. Mutant strains deficient in rpoS, relA and spoT, or anr were cultured in biofilms and challenged with ciprofloxacin and tobramycin. When challenged with ciprofloxacin, the mutant strain biofilms had 2.4- to 2.9-log reductions in viable cells compared to a 0.9-log reduction of the wild-type strain. Interestingly, none of the mutants exhibited a statistically significant alteration in tobramycin susceptibility compared to that with the wild-type biofilm. These results are consistent with a model in which multiple genes controlled by overlapping starvation or stress responses contribute to the protection of a P. aeruginosa biofilm from ciprofloxacin. A distinct and as yet undiscovered mechanism protects the biofilm bacteria from tobramycin.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial ProteinsBiofilmsBiological TransportCell HypoxiaCiprofloxacinDrug Resistance, BacterialGene Expression Regulation, BacterialLigasesOsmotic PressurePseudomonas aeruginosaPyrophosphatasesQuorum SensingSigma FactorSOS Response, GeneticsStress, PhysiologicalAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial ProteinsCiprofloxacinguanosine-3',5'-bis(diphosphate) 3'-pyrophosphataseguanosine 3',5'-polyphosphate synthetasesLigasesPyrophosphatasesSigma Factorsigma factor KatF protein, BacteriaTobramycin

Identifiers

PMID25870065
PMCPMC4468716
OpenAlexW1995924159

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.