ArticleJournal of immunology research2015
Growth modeling of the maternal cytokine milieu throughout normal pregnancy: macrophage-derived chemokine decreases as inflammation/counterregulation increases.
Article in Journal of immunology research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of Female Genital Tract Cytokine and Microbiota Signatures Induced by Initiation of Intramuscular DMPA and NET-EN Hormonal Contraceptives - a Prospective Cohort Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- A cross-sectional examination of immune adaptations during pregnancy in the ECHO Cohort.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Dynamics of Cytokines and Chemokines During the Peripartum Period in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2025Observational
- Understanding the role of immune-mediated inflammatory disease related cytokines interleukin 17 and 23 in pregnancy: A systematic review.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Review
- A Review of Immunological Evaluation of Patients with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion (RSA).International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Chronic Inflammation Offers Hints About Viable Therapeutic Targets for Preeclampsia and Potentially Related Offspring Sequelae.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Evaluation of the maternal systemic immune system during frozen euploid embryo transfer according to cycle outcome.Journal of reproductive immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Mechanisms of Maternal Diet-Induced Obesity Affecting the Offspring Brain and Development of Affective Disorders.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Immunological parameters of recurrent miscarriages among women in Thi-Qar province.Journal of medicine and life · 2022Article
- Immunological Changes in Pregnancy and Prospects of Therapeutic Pla-Xosomes in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Preterm Birth in Women With HIV: The Role of the Placenta.Frontiers in global women's health · 2022Review
- Maternal HIV infection is associated with distinct systemic cytokine profiles throughout pregnancy in South African women.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Peri-implantation cytokine profile differs between singleton and twin IVF pregnancies.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2021Article
- Development and Internal Validation of a Novel Model to Identify Inflammatory Biomarkers of a Response to Escitalopram in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Maternal Serum Cytokine Concentrations in Healthy Pregnancy and Preeclampsia.Journal of pregnancy · 2021Review
- Tryptophan catabolism to serotonin and kynurenine in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization.Physiological research · 2020Article
- Glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity in early pregnancy in an African American cohort.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2020Article
- Facilitating resolution of life-threatening acute GVHD with human chorionic gonadotropin and epidermal growth factor.Blood advances · 2020Article
- Dynamics of Tryptophan Metabolic Pathways in Human Placenta and Placental-Derived Cells: Effect of Gestation Age and Trophoblast Differentiation.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Several recent studies have shown differences in the maternal immune milieu at different phases of pregnancy, but most studies have been cross-sectional or of relatively few time points. Levels of 42 cytokines were determined using a multiplex bead-based assay on archived serum from a cohort of pregnant women (N = 16) at median of 18 time points tested, from the first trimester through to parturition, per woman. Unconditional growth modeling was then used to determine time-dependent changes in levels of these cytokines. Macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC, aka CCL22) decreases as pregnancy progresses. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IP-10, and FLT3-ligand increase as a function of gestational weeks, and IFNα2, IL-1ra, IL-3, IL-9, IL-12p40, and soluble CD40 ligand increase as a function of trimester. As pregnancy normally progresses, a maternal shift away from a type 2-biased immune response and toward an inflammatory/counterregulatory response is observed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.