Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25865895›Full record

ArticleCell reports2015

Two functionally distinct sources of actin monomers supply the leading edge of lamellipodia.

Eric A Vitriol, Laura M McMillen, Maryna Kapustina, Shawn M Gomez, Dimitrios Vavylonis, James Q Zheng

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed
5.3field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Asymmetric distribution of actin-related proteins in the earlybioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  6. SiR-XActin: A Fluorescent Probe for Imaging Actin Dynamics in Live Cells.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Filament transport supports contractile steady states of actin networks.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  9. The role of actin cytoskeleton component Arp2/3 in inflammatory response.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Competition and Synergy of Arp2/3 and Formins in Nucleating Actin Waves.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Non-muscle myosin 2 filaments are processive in cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023
    Article
  18. Biochemical and mechanical regulation of actin dynamics.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2022
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Eric A VitriolDepartment of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Electronic address: evitriol@ufl.edu.
Laura M McMillenDepartment of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
Maryna KapustinaDepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Shawn M GomezDepartment of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Dimitrios VavylonisDepartment of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
James Q ZhengDepartment of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Electronic address: james.zheng@emory.edu.
Emory University · USLehigh University · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · US

Funding

ENNCF - Viral Vector CoreP30NS055077 · NINDS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI RESSLER, KERRY J. · 2008 to 2018
$6.8M
Mechanisms of growth cone turning in diffusible gradientR01GM083889 · NIGMS · UNIV OF MED/DENT NJ-R W JOHNSON MED SCH · PI ZHENG, JAMES Q · 2007 to 2021
$4.5M
Cytoskeletal Oscillations: Mathematical Modeling Integrated with ExperimentsR01GM078994 · NIGMS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI ELSTON, TIMOTHY C, JACOBSON, KENNETH A · 2006 to 2015
$2.9M
Modeling and analysis of actin filament organization in yeastR01GM098430 · NIGMS · LEHIGH UNIVERSITY · PI VAVYLONIS, DIMITRIOS · 2012 to 2016
$1.3M
Novel mechanisms of actin dynamics underlying cell motility, axon growth, and ALSR00NS087104 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI VITRIOL, ERIC A · 2015 to 2017
$736k
Spatiotemporal Control of Cofilin Activity During Growth Cone MigrationF32NS077612 · NINDS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI VITRIOL, ERIC A · 2011 to 2013
$105k
Novel mechanisms of actin dynamics underlying cell motility, axon growth, and ALSK99NS087104 · NINDS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI VITRIOL, ERIC A · 2014 to 2014
$89k
NIGMS NIH HHS GM078994NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM078994NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM083889NIGMS NIH HHS R01GM083889NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM098430NIGMS NIH HHS R01GM098430NINDS NIH HHS F32 NS077612NINDS NIH HHS F32NS077612NINDS NIH HHS K99 NS087104NINDS NIH HHS K99NS087104NINDS NIH HHS P30 NS055077NINDS NIH HHS P30NS055077NINDS NIH HHS R00 NS087104
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lamellipodia, the sheet-like protrusions of motile cells, consist of networks of actin filaments (F-actin) regulated by the ordered assembly from and disassembly into actin monomers (G-actin). Traditionally, G-actin is thought to exist as a homogeneous pool. Here, we show that there are two functionally and molecularly distinct sources of G-actin that supply lamellipodial actin networks. G-actin originating from the cytosolic pool requires the monomer-binding protein thymosin β4 (Tβ4) for optimal leading-edge localization, is targeted to formins, and is responsible for creating an elevated G/F-actin ratio that promotes membrane protrusion. The second source of G-actin comes from recycled lamellipodia F-actin. Recycling occurs independently of Tβ4 and appears to regulate lamellipodia homeostasis. Tβ4-bound G-actin specifically localizes to the leading edge because it does not interact with Arp2/3-mediated polymerization sites found throughout the lamellipodia. These findings demonstrate that actin networks can be constructed from multiple sources of monomers with discrete spatiotemporal functions.

Indexed as

Actin CytoskeletonAnimalsCell LineCell MovementGene Knockdown TechniquesImage Processing, Computer-AssistedMiceMicroscopy, ConfocalPseudopodia

Identifiers

PMID25865895
PMCPMC4418508
OpenAlexW2055257312

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.