Trial reportVaccine2015
First clinical results of a personalized immunotherapeutic vaccine against recurrent, incompletely resected, treatment-resistant glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors, based on combined allo- and auto-immune tumor reactivity.
Trial report in Vaccine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01903330 (A Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Study of), which is not on this map. Cited by 35 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Study of (ERC1671/GM-CSF/Cyclophosphamide)+Bevacizumab vs. (Placebo Injection/Placebo Pill) +Bevacizumab in the Treatment of Recurrent/Progressive, Bevacizumab naïve Glioblastoma Multiforme and Glioasarcoma Patients (WHO Grade IV Malignant Gliomas, GBM)
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Safety of Vaccines After Conventional Treatments for Survival of Gliomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Oncology reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Glioblastoma Immunotherapy: A Systematic Review of the Present Strategies and Prospects for Advancements.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines update on the role of targeted therapies and immunotherapies in the management of progressive glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Phase II study of ERC1671 plus bevacizumab versus bevacizumab plus placebo in recurrent glioblastoma: interim results and correlations with CD4CNS oncology · 2018Trial
- Harnessing Vaccines in the Treatment of Solid Tumors: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Integrating biocomputational techniques for vaccine development for glioblastoma multiforme: a possible way of enhancing precision.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Combined Tumor Cell and Lysate-Based Vaccines for Immunotherapy of Primary and Recurrent Glioblastoma (GBM).Cancers · 2025Review
- Fragment Autoantigens Stimulated T-Cell-Immunotherapy (FAST) as a Fast Autologous Cancer Vaccine.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma: An Overview of Current Status.Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications · 2025Review
- Review
- Glioblastoma Vaccines as Promising Immune-Therapeutics: Challenges and Current Status.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Efficacy of novel allogeneic cancer cells vaccine to treat colorectal cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- A novel immunogenic cell death signature for the prediction of prognosis and therapies in glioma.PeerJ · 2023Article
- Direct and indirect regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment by VEGF.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2022Review
- Changing Landscape of Cancer Vaccines-Novel Proteomics Platform for New Antigen Compositions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Tumor Cell Infiltration into the Brain in Glioblastoma: From Mechanisms to Clinical Perspectives.Cancers · 2022Review
- Advances in Immunotherapies for Gliomas.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2022Review
- Article
- Glioblastoma pharmacotherapy: A multifaceted perspective of conventional and emerging treatments (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Review
- Advances in Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Cancer Chemoimmunotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients have a poor prognosis. After tumor recurrence statistics suggest an imminent death within 1-4.5 months. Supportive preclinical data, from a rat model, provided the rational for a prototype clinical vaccine preparation, named Gliovac (or ERC 1671) composed of autologous antigens, derived from the patient's surgically removed tumor tissue, which is administered together with allogeneic antigens from glioma tissue resected from other GBM patients. We now report the first results of the Gliovac treatment for treatment-resistant GBM patients. Nine (9) recurrent GBM patients, after standard of care treatment, including surgery radio- and chemotherapy temozolomide, and for US patients, also bevacizumab (Avastin™), were treated under a compassionate use/hospital exemption protocol. Gliovac was given intradermally, together with human GM-CSF (Leukine(®)), and preceded by a regimen of regulatory T cell-depleting, low-dose cyclophosphamide. Gliovac administration in patients that have failed standard of care therapies showed minimal toxicity and enhanced overall survival (OS). Six-month (26 weeks) survival for the nine Gliovac patients was 100% versus 33% in control group. At week 40, the published overall survival was 10% if recurrent, reoperated patients were not treated. In the Gliovac treated group, the survival at 40 weeks was 77%. Our data suggest that Gliovac has low toxicity and a promising efficacy. A phase II trial has recently been initiated in recurrent, bevacizumab naïve GBM patients (NCT01903330).
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.