Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25864638›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of infection2015

Epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the North American Arctic, 2000-2010.

Prabhu P Gounder, Tammy Zulz, Shalini Desai, Flemming Stenz, Karen Rudolph, Raymond Tsang, Gregory J Tyrrell, Michael G Bruce

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of infection, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in Southern Sweden 2013-2023: a population-based study of incidence, aetiology and diagnostic yield.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
    Article
  3. A comparative cohort study of epilepsy in children in Greenland and Denmark.International journal of circumpolar health · 2025
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2019
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Invasive Bacterial Diseases in Northern Canada, 2006-2013.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2016
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Prabhu P GounderArctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA. Electronic address: pgounder@cdc.gov.
Tammy ZulzArctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA.
Shalini DesaiCenter for Immunization and Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
Flemming StenzThe National Board of Health, Government of Greenland, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland.
Karen RudolphArctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA.
Raymond TsangNational Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Gregory J TyrrellProvincial Laboratory for Public Health (Microbiology), Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Michael G BruceArctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · USPublic Health Agency of Canada · CAGreenland Government · GLHealth Sciences Centre · CANational Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine the incidence of meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in the North American Arctic during 2000-2010.

methodsSurveillance data were obtained from the International Circumpolar Surveillance network. We defined a case of bacterial meningitis caused by H. influenzae, N. meningitidis, or S. pneumoniae as a culture-positive isolate obtained from a normally sterile site in a resident with a meningitis diagnosis.

resultsThe annual incidence/100,000 persons for meningitis caused by H. influenzae, N. meningitidis, and S. pneumoniae among all North American Arctic residents was: 0.6, 0.5, and 1.5, respectively; the meningitis incidence among indigenous persons in Alaska and Canada (indigenous status not recorded in Greenland) for those three bacteria was: 2.1, 0.8, and 2.4, respectively. The percentage of pneumococcal isolates belonging to a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotype declined from 2000-2004 to 2005-2010 (31%-2%, p-value <0.01). During 2005-2010, serotype a caused 55% of H. influenzae meningitis and serogroup B caused 86% of meningococcal meningitis.

conclusionsCompared with all North American Arctic residents, indigenous people suffer disproportionately from bacterial meningitis. Arctic residents could benefit from the development of an H. influenzae serotype a vaccine and implementation of a meningococcal serogroup B vaccine.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overArctic RegionsChildChild, PreschoolEpidemiological MonitoringFemaleHaemophilus influenzaeHumansIncidenceInfantInfant, NewbornMaleMeningitis, BacterialBacterial meningitisEpidemiologyHaemophilus influenzaeNeisseria meningitidisStreptococcus pneumoniae

Identifiers

PMID25864638
PMCPMC4560175
OpenAlexW2043891129

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.