ArticleBiological psychiatry2015
The puzzle of processing speed, memory, and executive function impairments in schizophrenia: fitting the pieces together.
Article in Biological psychiatry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Clarifying Fundamental Role of Symbol Coding in Cognitive Networks in Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls Leveraging Gaussian Graphical Models and Bayesian Networks.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Equivalence verification of the electronic version of the Chinese Brief Cognitive Test (C-BCT): Focus on Chinese schizophrenia populations.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2025Article
- Assessment of the German Version of Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS).Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2025Article
- GenomicSEM Modelling of Diverse Executive Function GWAS Improves Gene Discovery.Behavior genetics · 2025Article
- Altered angular gyrus activation during the digit symbol substitution test in people living with HIV: beyond information processing speed deficits.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cognitive Impairments Related to COMT and Neuregulin 1 Phenotypes as Transdiagnostic Markers in Schizophrenia Spectrum Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Harnessing the frontal aslant tract's structure to assess its involvement in cognitive functions: new insights from 7-T diffusion imaging.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A Bayesian Network Approach to Social and Nonsocial Cognition in Schizophrenia: Are Some Domains More Fundamental than Others?Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Article
- Executive functioning in preschoolers with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and the impact of congenital heart defects.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2023Article
- Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: aetiology, pathophysiology, and treatment.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Review
- A neuropsychological study on Leonhard's nosological system.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2022Article
- Sleep Loss, Daytime Sleepiness, and Neurobehavioral Performance among Adolescents: A Field Study.Clocks & sleep · 2022Article
- Predicting individual variability in task-evoked brain activity in schizophrenia.Human brain mapping · 2021Article
- Apathy in presymptomatic genetic frontotemporal dementia predicts cognitive decline and is driven by structural brain changes.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2021Article
- A New Paradigm for the Study of Cognitive Flexibility in Children and Adolescents: The "Virtual House Locomotor Maze" (VHLM).Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Inflammatory markers are associated with psychomotor slowing in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls.NPJ schizophrenia · 2020Article
- The French Integrative Psychosocial Rehabilitation Assessment for Complex Situations (FIPRACS): Modelization of an Adapted Assessment Method Toward Long-Term Psychiatric Inpatients With Disabling, Severe and Persistent Mental Illness.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Metacognitive preserved generation strategy benefits for both younger and elderly participants with schizophrenia.PloS one · 2020Article
- Neural correlates of positive and negative symptoms through the illness course: an fMRI study in early psychosis and chronic schizophrenia.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Association of genetic variants at 22q11.2 chromosomal region with cognitive performance in Japanese patients with schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2019Article
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Abstract
backgroundSubstantial impairment in performance on the digit-symbol substitution task in patients with schizophrenia is well established, which has been widely interpreted as denoting a specific impairment in processing speed. However, other higher order cognitive functions might be more critical to performance on this task. To date, this idea has not been rigorously investigated in patients with schizophrenia.
methodsNeuropsychological measures of processing speed, memory, and executive functioning were completed by 125 patients with schizophrenia and 272 control subjects. We implemented a series of confirmatory factor and structural regression modeling to build an integrated model of processing speed, memory, and executive function with which to deconstruct the digit-symbol substitution task and characterize discrepancies between patients with schizophrenia and control subjects.
resultsThe overall structure of the processing speed, memory, and executive function model was the same across groups (χ(2) = 208.86, p > .05), but the contribution of the specific cognitive domains to coding task performance differed significantly. When completing the task, control subjects relied on executive function and, indirectly, on working memory ability, whereas patients with schizophrenia used an alternative set of cognitive operations whereby they relied on the same processes required to complete verbal fluency tasks.
conclusionsSuccessful coding task performance relies predominantly on executive function, rather than processing speed or memory. Patients with schizophrenia perform poorly on this task because of an apparent lack of appropriate executive function input; they rely instead on an alternative cognitive pathway.
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