ArticleAppetite2015
Parental control over feeding in infancy. Influence of infant weight, appetite and feeding method.
Article in Appetite, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between Breastfeeding and Maternal Responsiveness: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2017Pooled it
- Trial
- Article
- Maternal Pressure and Frequent Use of Bottle During Feeding Moderate Infant Food Cue Reactivity over Time.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Breaking the cycle: Psychological and social dimensions of pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Article
- Tailored recommendations for infant milk formula intake results in more accurate feeding.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Article
- Parental Feeding Practices and Children's Eating Behaviours: An Overview of Their Complex Relationship.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Aligning theory with practice: Child health programmes in Malaysia, a Narrative Review.Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia · 2023Review
- Associations between Emotion Regulation, Feeding Practices, and Preschoolers' Food Consumption.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Infant appetite and weight gain in early infancy: Moderating effects of controlling feeding styles.Appetite · 2022Article
- Observational
- Parents' perceptions and dissatisfaction with child silhouette: associated factors among 7-year-old children of the Generation XXI birth cohort.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2021Article
- Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants and young children in China.BMC pediatrics · 2021Article
- Reproducibility and relative validity of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for the Chinese lactating mothers.Nutrition journal · 2021Article
- Effects of Breastfeeding, Formula Feeding, and Complementary Feeding on Rapid Weight Gain in the First Year of Life.Academic pediatrics · 2021Article
- Complementary Feeding Practices and Parental Pressure to Eat among Spanish Infants and Toddlers: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Bidirectional relationships between appetitive behaviours and body mass index in childhood: a cross-lagged analysis in the Generation XXI birth cohort.European journal of nutrition · 2021Article
- Associations between the Home Environment, Feeding Practices and Children's Intakes of Fruit, Vegetables and Confectionary/Sugar-Sweetened Beverages.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Responsive Feeding, Infant Growth, and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms During 3 Months Postpartum.Nutrients · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveParental control over feeding has been linked to child overweight. Parental control behaviours have been assumed to be exogenous to the child, but emerging evidence suggests they are also child-responsive. This study tests the hypothesis that parental control in early infancy is responsive to infant appetite and weight. SUBJECTS AND
methodsParticipants were 1920 mothers from the Gemini twin cohort, using one randomly selected child per family. Data come from questionnaires completed when the children were approximately 8 months. Mothers completed measures of 'pressure' and 'restriction', reported feeding method (breast- and bottle feeding), rated their infant's appetite during the first 3 months, provided health professional recorded weight measurements, and reported their concerns about their infant's weight. Logistic regression examined predictors of 'pressure' and 'restriction', adjusting for maternal demographics and BMI. Interactions between feeding method and control were also tested.
results'Pressure' was associated with lower birth weight (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65-0.97), greater concern about underweight (OR = 1.88, 1.29-2.75), and lower infant appetite (OR = 0.59, 0.47-0.75). 'Restriction' was associated with higher appetite (OR = 1.44, 1.09-1.89) and bottle feeding (OR = 2.86, 2.18-3.75). A significant interaction with feeding method indicated that infants with high appetites were more likely to be restricted only if they were bottle-fed (OR = 1.52, 1.13-2.04).
conclusionMothers vary in their levels of control over milk-feeding and this is partly responsive to the infant's characteristics. They tend to pressure infants who are lighter and have a smaller appetite, and restrict infants with larger appetites if they are bottle-fed. Guidance on infant feeding may be better received if it acknowledges that parents respond to infant characteristics in order to achieve their feeding goals.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.