ReviewMolecular neurobiology2016
Interplay Between Exosomes, microRNAs and Toll-Like Receptors in Brain Disorders.
Review in Molecular neurobiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment of animal models of Alzheimer's disease with extracellular vesicles or exosomes and involvement of microRNAs.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- The neuroimmune system and cognition.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Toll-Like Receptor-4 Signaling Pathway Influenced the Exosome Biogenesis and Angiogenesis in Human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2025Article
- The Multifaceted Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- The Interplay Between Exosomes and Gut Microbiota in Neuroinflammation: A New Frontier in Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Exosomal non-coding RNAs: key regulators of inflammation-related cardiovascular disorders.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Advances in the Understanding of Mitochondrial Inflammatory Regulation in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- The Neuroimmune System and the Cerebellum.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2024Review
- Exosomal MicroRNAs modulate the cognitive function in fasudil treated APPswe/PSEN1dE9 transgenic (APP/PS1) mice model of Alzheimer's disease.Metabolic brain disease · 2024Article
- Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators of Neuroinflammation in Intercellular and Inter-Organ Crosstalk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- New Perspectives in Stem Cell Transplantation and Associated Therapies to Treat Retinal Diseases: From Gene Editing to 3D Bioprinting.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2024Review
- Exosomes as Vehicles for Noncoding RNA in Modulating Inflammation: A Promising Regulatory Approach for Ischemic Stroke and Myocardial Infarction.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- The promise of molecular science in brain health. What breakthroughs are anticipated in the next 20 years?Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior · 2024Article
- Unique Bioactives from Zombie Fungus (Nutrients · 2023Review
- Potential regulatory effects of stem cell exosomes on inflammatory response in ischemic stroke treatment.World journal of stem cells · 2023Review
- Mechanism and Therapeutic Prospect of miRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Behavioural neurology · 2023Review
- Non-Coding RNA in Microglia Activation and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Review
- Diverse functional genes harboured in extracellular vesicles from environmental and human microbiota.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2022Article
- Post-COVID-19 Parkinsonism and Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis: The Exosomal Cargo Hypothesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, participate in intercellular communication, and particularly, in paracrine and endocrine signalling. The EVs and their specific contents have been considered hallmarks of different diseases. It has been recently discovered that EVs can co-transport nucleic acids such as DNAs, ribosomal RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lnRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are important regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, although they may also play other roles. Recent evidence supports the hypothesis that miRNAs can activate Toll-like receptors (TLRs) under certain circumstances. TLRs belong to a multigene family of immune system receptors and have been recently described in the nervous system. In the immune system, TLRs are important for the recognition of the invading microorganisms, whereas in the nervous system, they recognise endogenous ligands released by undifferentiated or necrotic/injured cells. In the neuronal disease field, TLRs activity has been associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), stroke, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Herein, we reviewed the current knowledge of the relationship between miRNA release by EVs and the inflammation signalling triggered by TLRs in neighbouring cells or during long-distance cell-to-cell communication. We highlight novel aspects of this communication mechanism, offering a valuable insight into such pathways in health and disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.