ArticlePloS one2015
Carvacrol codrugs: a new approach in the antimicrobial plan.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synthesis and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Amphiphilic Derivatives of Carvacrol as Potent Antibacterial Agents.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Monoterpenoid synergy: a new frontier in biological applications.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Beneficial Effects Induced by a Proprietary Blend of a New Bromelain-Based Polyenzymatic Complex Plus N-Acetylcysteine in Urinary Tract Infections: Results from In Vitro and Ex Vivo Studies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Micelle encapsulated curcumin and piperine-laden 3D printed calcium phosphate scaffolds enhance in vitro biological properties.Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces · 2023Article
- The potential role of plant secondary metabolites on antifungal and immunomodulatory effect.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Anti-Obesity and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Novel Carvacrol Derivatives on 3T3-L1 and WJ-MSCs Cells.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Neuroprotective Potential and Underlying Pharmacological Mechanism of Carvacrol for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antioxidant Activity of 15 Different Plant-Based Natural Compounds in Comparison with Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Cinnamic Acid-Based Antimicrobials.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Strategically Combined WithFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Effect of Essential Oils on Growth Inhibition, Biofilm Formation and Membrane Integrity ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Bacterial Control of Poly (Lactic Acid) Nanofibers Loaded with Plant-Derived Monoterpenoids via Emulsion Electrospinning.Polymers · 2021Article
- Review
- Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Plant Compound Carvacrol Against Soft Rot Disease Agent Dickeya zeae.Current microbiology · 2021Article
- Antifungal Activity of Novel Formulations Based on Terpenoid Prodrugs againstPharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Origanum vulgare essential oil: antibacterial activities and synergistic effect with polymyxin B against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.Molecular biology reports · 2020Article
- Carvacrol Prodrugs with Antimicrobial Activity Loaded on Clay Nanocomposites.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Signed, Sealed, Delivered: Conjugate and Prodrug Strategies as Targeted Delivery Vectors for Antibiotics.ACS infectious diseases · 2019Review
- Efficacy of carvacrol against resistant rapidly growing mycobacteria in the planktonic and biofilm growth mode.PloS one · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections led to identify alternative strategies for a novel therapeutic approach. In this study, we synthesized ten carvacrol codrugs - obtained linking the carvacrol hydroxyl group to the carboxyl moiety of sulphur-containing amino acids via an ester bond - to develop novel compounds with improved antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities and reduced toxicity respect to carvacrol alone.
methodAll carvacrol codrugs were screened against a representative panel of Gram positive (S. aureus and S. epidermidis), Gram negative (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) bacterial strains and C. albicans, using broth microdilution assays.
findingsResults showed that carvacrol codrug 4 possesses the most notable enhancement in the anti-bacterial activity displaying MIC and MBC values equal to 2.5 mg/mL for all bacterial strains, except for P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 (MIC and MBC values equal to 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL, respectively). All carvacrol codrugs 1-10 revealed good antifungal activity against C. albicans ATCC 10231. The cytotoxicity assay showed that the novel carvacrol codrugs did not produce human blood hemolysis at their MIC values except for codrugs 8 and 9. In particular, deepened experiments performed on carvacrol codrug 4 showed an interesting antimicrobial effect on the mature biofilm produced by E. coli ATCC 8739, respect to the carvacrol alone. The antimicrobial effects of carvacrol codrug 4 were also analyzed by TEM evidencing morphological modifications in S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans.
conclusionThe current study presents an insight into the use of codrug strategy for developing carvacrol derivatives with antibacterial and antibiofilm potentials, and reduced cytotoxicity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.