ArticleCancer research2015
TGFβ Is a Master Regulator of Radiation Therapy-Induced Antitumor Immunity.
Article in Cancer research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 309 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
309 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 501 citations in OpenAlex.
- Watch-and-Wait strategy for locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Bridging Radiotherapy to Immunotherapy: The IFN-JAK-STAT Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of prior irradiation on the microenvironment of a radiation-associated breast cancer model increase sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibition.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2026Article
- Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) sensitize anti-PD1-resistant lung tumors to PD1 blockade and remodel myeloid and lymphoid states.Research square · 2026Article
- Spatially fractionated radiotherapy and immunotherapy: a synergistic strategy for systemic anti-tumor immunity.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Radiotherapy and cytokines: A systems view of immunotherapy and toxicity (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- TGF-β mediates epigenetic control of innate antiviral responses and SIV reservoir size.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Targeting ENO1 reprograms macrophage polarization to trigger antitumor immunity and improves the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Augmenting interferon-β and anti-PD-L1 antibody bolsters non-ablative radiotherapy to leverage potent abscopal effect in metastatic cancers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Pulsed Low-Dose-Rate Chemoradiation Induces Stromal Reprogramming in Pancreatic CAF-Generated ECM: Quantification by the HOST-Factor.Gastro hep advances · 2026Article
- Beyond local control: radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations fromFrontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- Minimal residual disease in cervical cancer: biological persistence, ctHPV DNA-guided surveillance, and recurrence-directed intervention.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Convergent adaptive architectures linking chemoresistance and radioresistance in chemoradiotherapy: a systems-level perspective.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Editorial: Cancer immunity and radiotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Disrupted bone microenvironment and immune recovery following total body irradiation in a murine model.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Updates on radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations: Proceedings of 8th Annual ImmunoRad Conference.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- IL7-TBRII, a Dual Cytokine Modulator Targeting IL-7 and TGF-β Pathways, Inhibits Tumor Progression and Metastasis.Immune network · 2025Article
- Radiation-Induced Immune Responses from the Tumor Microenvironment to Systemic Immunity.Cancers · 2025Review
- Prognostic risk factors and a survival prediction model for immune checkpoint inhibitor related myocarditis in patients with lung cancer: a multicenter study.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Anti-Tumor Immunization Efficacy after Particle-Radiation Exposure.Radiation research · 2025Article
249 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
T cells directed to endogenous tumor antigens are powerful mediators of tumor regression. Recent immunotherapy advances have identified effective interventions to unleash tumor-specific T-cell activity in patients who naturally develop them. Eliciting T-cell responses to a patient's individual tumor remains a major challenge. Radiation therapy can induce immune responses to model antigens expressed by tumors, but it remains unclear whether it can effectively prime T cells specific for endogenous antigens expressed by poorly immunogenic tumors. We hypothesized that TGFβ activity is a major obstacle hindering the ability of radiation to generate an in situ tumor vaccine. Here, we show that antibody-mediated TGFβ neutralization during radiation therapy effectively generates CD8(+) T-cell responses to multiple endogenous tumor antigens in poorly immunogenic mouse carcinomas. Generated T cells were effective at causing regression of irradiated tumors and nonirradiated lung metastases or synchronous tumors (abscopal effect). Gene signatures associated with IFNγ and immune-mediated rejection were detected in tumors treated with radiation therapy and TGFβ blockade in combination but not as single agents. Upregulation of programmed death (PD) ligand-1 and -2 in neoplastic and myeloid cells and PD-1 on intratumoral T cells limited tumor rejection, resulting in rapid recurrence. Addition of anti-PD-1 antibodies extended survival achieved with radiation and TGFβ blockade. Thus, TGFβ is a fundamental regulator of radiation therapy's ability to generate an in situ tumor vaccine. The combination of local radiation therapy with TGFβ neutralization offers a novel individualized strategy for vaccinating patients against their tumors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.