ArticlePloS one2015
T lymphocyte density and distribution in human colorectal mucosa, and inefficiency of current cell isolation protocols.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intestinal T cells in aging: implications for gut barrier integrity and inflammaging.GeroScience · 2026Review
- IMMUNOREACT 4: Peritumoral Microenvironment Associated with Anastomotic Leaks After Surgery for Rectal Cancer.Cancers · 2026Article
- The Immune Environment in Colorectal Adenoma: A Systematic Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Article
- Multiscale, mechanistic model of Rheumatoid Arthritis to enable decision making in late stage drug development.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2024Article
- P2X7 receptor as the regulator of T-cell function in intestinal barrier disruption.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Review
- Contribution of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Supplementing Cytokines Produced by CD4AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2022Article
- A New Role for Conivaptan in Ulcerative Colitis in Mice: Inhibiting Differentiation of CD4Digestive diseases and sciences · 2022Article
- Mucosa associated invariant T and natural killer cells in active and budesonide treated collagenous colitis patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Review
- Innate Lymphoid Cells in Intestinal Homeostasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Tofacitinib inhibits inflammatory cytokines from ulcerative colitis and healthy mucosal explants and is associated with pSTAT1/3 reduction in T-cells.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2021Article
- Presence of Inflammatory Group I and III Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Colon of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Macaques.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Defining T Cell Tissue Residency in Humans: Implications for HIV Pathogenesis and Vaccine Design.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2020Review
- Review
- Immune battle at the premalignant stage of colorectal cancer: focus on immune cell compositions, functions and cytokine products.American journal of cancer research · 2020Review
- CD32 expressing doublets in HIV-infected gut-associated lymphoid tissue are associated with a T follicular helper cell phenotype.Mucosal immunology · 2019Article
- T cell receptor β-chain repertoire analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in pancreatic cancer.Cancer science · 2019Article
- TFrontiers in oncology · 2019Review
- IGFBP2 promotes immunosuppression associated with its mesenchymal induction and FcγRIIB phosphorylation in glioblastoma.PloS one · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mucosal tissues are critical immune effector sites containing complex populations of leukocytes in a tissue microenvironment that remains incompletely understood. We identify and quantify in human distal colorectal tissue absolute mucosal CD3+ lymphocytes, including CD4+ and CD8+ subsets, by direct visualization using immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and an automated counting protocol (r2=0.90). Sigmoid and rectal mucosal tissues are both densely packed with T lymphocytes in the mucosal compartment. Both compartments had similar densities of CD3+ T lymphocytes with 37,400 ± 2,801 cells/mm3 and 33,700 ± 4,324 cell/mm3, respectively. Sigmoid mucosa contained 57% CD3+CD4+ and 40% CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes which calculates to 21,300 ± 1,476/mm3 and 15,000 ± 275/mm3 T lymphocytes, respectively. Rectal mucosa had 57% CD3+CD4+ and 42% CD3+CD8+ or 21,577 ± 332, and 17,090 ± 1,206 cells/mm3, respectively. By comparison, sigmoid mucosal biopsies subjected to conventional collagenase digestion, mononuclear cell (MMC) isolation and staining for flow cytometry yielded 4,549 ± 381/mm3 and 2,708 ± 245/mm3 CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. These data suggest only ~20.7% recovery compared to IHC results for these markers. Further studies will determine if this reflects a selective bias in only CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells or can be generalized to all flow-analyzed cells from mucosal tissues for phenotyping and functional testing.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.