ArticleEuropean journal of epidemiology2016
Combined effect of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking in the risk of head and neck cancers: a re-analysis of case-control studies using bi-dimensional spline models.
Article in European journal of epidemiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06231537 (Visual Oral Examination in Primary Health Care for Early Detection of Oral Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Visual Oral Examination in Primary Health Care for Early Detection of Oral Cancer: Targeting High-Risk Individuals in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Do in-person and computer-based brief alcohol interventions reduce tobacco smoking among general hospital patients? Secondary outcomes from a randomized controlled trial.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2023Trial
- The Role of Tobacco Smoking in the Efficacy of Brief Alcohol Intervention: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Risk of Head and Neck Cancer in Former Smokers by Subsite: A Multicenter Analysis From the INHANCE Consortium.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Mutational signature-based classification uncovers emerging oral cancer subtypes with distinct molecular patterns.International journal of oral science · 2026Article
- Role of dietary patterns and inter-meal intervals in hypopharyngeal cancer: A case-control study from Assam, India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Cellular Senescence as a Risk Factor in Head and Neck Cancer-Diagnostic and Therapeutic Perspective.Cancers · 2025Review
- Breath Metabolome Profiling Using Porous Carbon Material for Early Diagnosis of Laryngeal Cancer: Preliminary Results.Cancers · 2025Article
- The impact of histopathology on prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: can we do better?Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Review
- National and subnational plans for primary prevention and early detection of oral and oropharyngeal cancer: a scoping review.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Article
- Curcumin attenuates smoking and drinking activated NF-κB/IL-6 inflammatory signaling axis in cervical cancer.Cancer cell international · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Combustible cigarette smokers versus e-cigarette dual users among Latinx individuals: Differences in alcohol and drug use severity.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Ethanol induces replication fork stalling and membrane stress in immortalized laryngeal cells.iScience · 2023Article
- Combinations of lifestyle behaviors and cancer risk among Korean adults.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Exploring the Presence and Type of Premium Cigar Retailers With Neighborhood Sociodemographic Correlates in the United States, 2019-2021.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- The Influence of the Oral Microbiome on Oral Cancer: A Literature Review and a New Approach.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Functional neuronal circuits promote disease progression in cancer.Science advances · 2023Article
- Alcohol and Head and Neck Cancer: Updates on the Role of Oxidative Stress, Genetic, Epigenetics, Oral Microbiota, Antioxidants, and Alkylating Agents.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The synergistic effect of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption on the risk of head and neck cancers has been mainly investigated as a cross-product of categorical exposure, thus leading to loss of information. We propose a bi-dimensional logistic spline model to investigate the interacting dose-response relationship of two continuous exposures (i.e., ethanol intake and tobacco smoking) on the risk of head and neck cancers, representing results through three-dimensional graphs. This model was applied to a pool of hospital-based case-control studies on head and neck cancers conducted in Italy and in the Vaud Swiss Canton between 1982 and 2000, including 1569 cases and 3147 controls. Among never drinkers and for all levels of ethanol intake, the risk of head and neck cancers steeply increased with increasing smoking intensity, starting from 1 cigarette/day. The risk associated to ethanol intake increased with incrementing exposure among smokers, and a threshold effect at approximately 50 g/day emerged among never smokers. Compared to abstainers from both tobacco and alcohol consumption, the combined exposure to ethanol and/or cigarettes led to a steep increase of cancer risk up to a 35-fold higher risk (95 % confidence interval 27.30-43.61) among people consuming 84 g/day of ethanol and 10 cigarettes/day. The highest risk was observed at the highest levels of alcohol and tobacco consumption. Our findings confirmed a combined effect of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking on head and neck cancers risk, providing evidence that bi-dimensional spline models could be a feasible and flexible method to explore the pattern of risks associated to two interacting continuous-exposure variables.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.