ArticleBMJ open2015
Secondhand smoke in outdoor settings: smokers' consumption, non-smokers' perceptions, and attitudes towards smoke-free legislation in Spain.
Article in BMJ open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of secondhand smoke on air quality in partially enclosed outdoor hospitality venues: a review.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Applying persuasive messages to reduce public outdoor smoking: A pseudo-randomized controlled trial.Applied psychology. Health and well-being · 2023Trial
- Breathe Easy Gippsland-Community Attitudes Towards Expanding Smoke- and Vape-Free Zones in Gippsland, Victoria, Australia.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2026Article
- Evaluation of a smoke-free beaches intervention in Barcelona: a quasi-experimental study.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Best practices for secondhand smoke and secondhand aerosol protection and evidence supporting the expansion of smoke- and aerosol-free environments: Recommendations from the 2nd Joint Action on Tobacco Control.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2024Article
- Assessment of exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke in Spain: A scoping review.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Live to die another day: novel insights may explain the pathophysiology behind smoker's paradox in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2023Review
- Public support for smoke-free policies in outdoor areas and (semi-)private places: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Passive exposure and perceptions of smoke-free policies in hospital and university campuses among nursing students: A cross-sectional multicenter study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
- Compliance Surveillance of the Tobacco Control Legislation in a Spanish Region and Characterization of Passive Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and E-Cig in Children in Outdoor Spaces.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Secondhand smoke exposure assessment in outdoor hospitality venues across 11 European countries.Environmental research · 2021Article
- [Fourteen years of tobacco control law in Spain. Current situation and proposals].Atencion primaria · 2020Article
- Qualitative examination of the perceived effects of a comprehensive smoke-free law according to neighborhood socioeconomic status in a large city.SSM - population health · 2020Article
- Estimating and mapping cigarette butt littering in urban environments: A GIS approach.Environmental research · 2020Article
- Does support for smoke-free outdoor spaces increase after implementation?: A case study of a Dutch research center's smoke-free campus transition.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2020Article
- Mapping the visibility of smokers across a large capital city.Environmental research · 2020Article
- Outdoor smoking in Nigeria: prevalence, correlates and predictors.BMC public health · 2019Article
- [Support to smoking regulation in private vehicles and public outdoor spaces].Revista espanola de salud publica · 2019Article
- German Public Support for Tobacco Control Policy Measures: Results from the German Study on Tobacco Use (DEBRA), a Representative National Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Acceptance and patterns of personal vaporizer use in Australia and the United Kingdom: Results from the International Tobacco Control survey.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo describe where smokers smoke outdoors, where non-smokers are exposed outdoors to secondhand smoke (SHS), and attitudes towards smoke-free outdoor areas after the implementation of national smoke-free legislation.
designThis cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2011 and March 2012 (n=1307 participants).
settingBarcelona, Spain.
participantsRepresentative, random sample of the adult (≥16 years) population. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Proportion of smoking and prevalence of exposure to SHS in the various settings according to type of enclosure. Percentages of support for outdoor smoke-free policies according to smoking status.
resultsSmokers reported smoking outdoors most in bars and restaurants (54.8%), followed by outdoor places at work (46.8%). According to non-smokers, outdoor SHS exposure was highest at home (42.5%) and in bars and restaurants (33.5%). Among non-smoking adult students, 90% claimed exposure to SHS on university campuses. There was great support for banning smoking in the majority of outdoor areas, which was stronger among non-smokers than smokers. Over 70% of participants supported smoke-free playgrounds, school and high school courtyards, and the grounds of healthcare centres.
conclusionsExtending smoking bans to selected outdoor settings should be considered in further tobacco control interventions to protect non-smokers from SHS exposure and to establish a positive model for youth. The majority of public support for some outdoor smoke-free areas suggests that it is feasible to extend smoking bans to additional outdoor settings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.