ArticleACS synthetic biology2015
Engineering Escherichia coli into a protein delivery system for mammalian cells.
Article in ACS synthetic biology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Living Microbial Drugs.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Engineering oncolytic bacteria as precision cancer therapeutics: design principles, therapeutic strategies, and translational perspectives.Protein & cell · 2026Review
- Engineered Escherichia coli as a microbial cell factory for intracellular protein delivery: strains, vectors, mechanisms, and therapeutic applications.Microbial cell factories · 2026Review
- The bacterial type three secretion system induces mechanoporation of vacuolar membranes.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Advancements in Escherichia coli secretion systems for enhanced recombinant protein production.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Review
- Controlling tumor progression and recurrence in mice through combined treatment with a PD-L1 inhibitor and a designerActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Article
- Cytosolic delivery of monobodies using the bacterial type III secretion system inhibits oncogenic BCR: ABL1 signaling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- pUdOs: Concise Plasmids for Bacterial and Mammalian Cells.ACS synthetic biology · 2024Article
- Bacterial therapies at the interface of synthetic biology and nanomedicine.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2024Article
- Research and application of intelligent diagnosis and treatment engineering bacteria.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- PROTTrends in molecular medicine · 2023Article
- Engineered Escherichia coli for the in situ secretion of therapeutic nanobodies in the gut.Cell host & microbe · 2023Article
- Engineering bacteria as interactive cancer therapies.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Review
- Heterologous Assembly of the Type VI Secretion System Empowers Laboratory Escherichia coli with Antimicrobial and Cell Penetration Capabilities.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- Synthetic biology: at the crossroads of genetic engineering and human therapeutics-a Keystone Symposia report.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2021Review
- The type 3 secretion system requires actin polymerization to open translocon pores.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Development of bacteria as diagnostics and therapeutics by genetic engineering.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2019Review
- Developing Gram-negative bacteria for the secretion of heterologous proteins.Microbial cell factories · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Many Gram-negative pathogens encode type 3 secretion systems, sophisticated nanomachines that deliver proteins directly into the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. These systems present attractive opportunities for therapeutic protein delivery applications; however, their utility has been limited by their inherent pathogenicity. Here, we report the reengineering of a laboratory strain of Escherichia coli with a tunable type 3 secretion system that can efficiently deliver heterologous proteins into mammalian cells, thereby circumventing the need for virulence attenuation. We first introduced a 31 kB region of Shigella flexneri DNA that encodes all of the information needed to form the secretion nanomachine onto a plasmid that can be directly propagated within E. coli or integrated into the E. coli chromosome. To provide flexible control over type 3 secretion and protein delivery, we generated plasmids expressing master regulators of the type 3 system from either constitutive or inducible promoters. We then constructed a Gateway-compatible plasmid library of type 3 secretion sequences to enable rapid screening and identification of sequences that do not perturb function when fused to heterologous protein substrates and optimized their delivery into mammalian cells. Combining these elements, we found that coordinated expression of the type 3 secretion system and modified target protein substrates produces a nonpathogenic strain that expresses, secretes, and delivers heterologous proteins into mammalian cells. This reengineered system thus provides a highly flexible protein delivery platform with potential for future therapeutic applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.