ArticlePloS one2015
Coxsackievirus A16 elicits incomplete autophagy involving the mTOR and ERK pathways.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumor growth suppression by inhibiting both autophagy and STAT3 signaling in HNSCC.Oncotarget · 2015Pooled it
- Validation of important genes and bioinformatics investigation of the relationship between ferroptosis and CVA16 infection.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- The molecular mechanisms of autophagy-virus interactions: from antiviral defense to viral counterstrategies.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Does Coxsackievirus B3 Require Autophagosome Formation for Replication? Evidence for an Autophagosome-Independent Mechanism: Insights into Its Limited Potential as a Therapeutic Target.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Nonlytic Egress and Transmission in the Virus World.Annual review of biochemistry · 2025Review
- Autophagy and Inflammation: Regulatory Roles in Viral Infections.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Article
- Innate sensing of picornavirus infection involves cGAS-STING-mediated antiviral responses triggered by mitochondrial DNA release.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Incomplete autophagy promotes the proliferation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae through the JNK and Akt pathways in porcine alveolar macrophages.Veterinary research · 2022Article
- The encephalomyocarditis virus Leader promotes the release of virions inside extracellular vesicles via the induction of secretory autophagy.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Repurposing Antifungals for Host-Directed Antiviral Therapy?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Synergetic Contributions of Viral VP1, VP3, and 3C to Activation of the AKT-AMPK-MAPK-MTOR Signaling Pathway for Seneca Valley Virus-Induced Autophagy.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Virus, Exosome, and MicroRNA: New Insights into Autophagy.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Article
- Autophagy and gastrointestinal cancers: the behind the scenes role of long non-coding RNAs in initiation, progression, and treatment resistance.Cancer gene therapy · 2021Review
- Autophagy is induced and supports virus replication in Enterovirus A71-infected human primary neuronal cells.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Review
- Enterovirus Replication Organelles and Inhibitors of Their Formation.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- The Structure, Function, and Mechanisms of Action of Enterovirus Non-structural Protein 2C.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- The Intertwined Life Cycles of Enterovirus and Autophagy.Virulence · 2019Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autophagy is an important homeostatic process for the degradation of cytosolic proteins and organelles and has been reported to play an important role in cellular responses to pathogens and virus replication. However, the role of autophagy in Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) infection and pathogenesis remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that CA16 infection enhanced autophagosome formation, resulting in increased extracellular virus production. Moreover, expression of CA16 nonstructural proteins 2C and 3C was sufficient to trigger autophagosome accumulation by blocking the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Interestingly, we found that Immunity-related GTPase family M (IRGM) was crucial for the activation of CA16 infection-induced autophagy; in turn, reducing IRGM expression suppressed autophagy. Expression of viral protein 2C enhanced IRGM promoter activation, thereby increasing IRGM expression and inducing autophagy. CA16 infection inhibited Akt/mTOR signaling and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, both of which are necessary for autophagy induction. In summary, CA16 can use autophagy to enhance its own replication. These results raise the possibility of targeting the autophagic pathway for the treatment of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.