ReviewKidney international2015
APOL1 toxin, innate immunity, and kidney injury.
Review in Kidney international, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- APOL1 variant alleles associate with reduced risk for opportunistic infections in HIV infection.Communications biology · 2021Pooled it
- The APOL1 variant p.N264K is predicted to block ion flow by occluding a pore at the cell surface.Life science alliance · 2026Article
- APOL1-mediated kidney disease: a narrative review of the lessons learnt from the past 15 years.BMC nephrology · 2025Review
- A novelRenal failure · 2025Article
- Sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors for APOL1 kidney disease: A call for studies.International urology and nephrology · 2025Review
- Article
- Sickle cell trait, APOL1 risk allele status and chronic kidney disease among ART-experienced adults living with HIV in northern Nigeria.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2025Article
- Multi-Omics Integration of Lactylation- and PANoptosis-Based Signatures in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Prognostic Stratification and Immune Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Meeting report: The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) World Lupus Seminar on Africa.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- Multiethnic prevalence of theClinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Protein-truncating variant in APOL3 increases chronic kidney disease risk in epistasis with APOL1 risk alleles.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Phenome-wide analysis reveals epistatic associations between APOL1 variants and chronic kidney disease and multiple other disorders.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) renal risk variant-mediated podocyte cytotoxicity depends on African haplotype and surface expression.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Association betweeneLife · 2023Article
- Etiology of Persistent Microalbuminuria in Nigeria (P_MICRO study): protocol and study design.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- The evolving story of apolipoprotein L1 nephropathy: the end of the beginning.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2022Review
- APOL1 Risk Variants Associated with Serum Albumin in a Population-Based Cohort Study.American journal of nephrology · 2022Article
- Recessive, gain-of-function toxicity in an APOL1 BAC transgenic mouse model mirrors human APOL1 kidney disease.Disease models & mechanisms · 2021Article
- Structures of the ApoL1 and ApoL2 N-terminal domains reveal a non-classical four-helix bundle motif.Communications biology · 2021Article
- Apolipoprotein L1 and mechanisms of kidney disease susceptibility.Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The discovery that two common APOL1 alleles were strongly associated with nondiabetic kidney diseases in African descent populations led to hope for improved diagnosis and treatment. Unfortunately, we still do not have a clear understanding of the biological function played by APOL1 in podocytes or other kidney cells, nor how the renal risk alleles initiate the development of nephropathies. Important clues for APOL1 function may be gleaned from the natural defense mechanism of APOL1 against trypanosome infections and from similar proteins (e.g., diphtheria toxin, mammalian Bcl-2 family members). This review provides an update on the biological functions for circulating (trypanosome resistance) and intracellular (emerging role for autophagy) APOL1. Further, we introduce a multimer model for APOL1 in kidney cells that reconciles the gain-of-function variants with the recessive inheritance pattern of APOL1 renal risk alleles.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.