ArticlePloS one2015
Both fasting and glucose-stimulated proinsulin levels predict hyperglycemia and incident type 2 diabetes: a population-based study of 9,396 Finnish men.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dual GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Tirzepatide Improves Beta-cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Trial
- The effect of different volumes of high-intensity interval training on proinsulin in participants with the metabolic syndrome: a randomised trial.Diabetologia · 2016Trial
- Fasting proinsulin as a predictor of future glucose tolerance deterioration in Japanese adults.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
- Greater reduction in the proinsulin-C-peptide ratio with a ketogenic vs control diet in patients with type 2 diabetes.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Emerging Biomarkers and Nanobiosensing Strategies in Diabetes.Biosensors · 2025Review
- The Association Between Pregnancy Complications and Long-term Maternal Cardiometabolic Health in the MIREC Cohort Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- TBC1D30 regulates proinsulin and insulin secretion and is the target of a genomic association signal for proinsulin.Diabetologia · 2025Article
- Obesity in Prediabetic Patients: Management of Metabolic Complications and Strategies for Prevention of Overt Diabetes.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Fasting Proinsulin Independently Predicts Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the General Population.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Metabolically healthy obesity: Is it really healthy for type 2 diabetes mellitus?World journal of diabetes · 2022Review
- The β Cell in Diabetes: Integrating Biomarkers With Functional Measures.Endocrine reviews · 2021Review
- Inside the Insulin Secretory Granule.Metabolites · 2021Review
- Article
- Basal insulin ameliorates post-breakfast hyperglycemia via suppression of post-breakfast proinsulin/C-peptide ratio and fasting serum free fatty acid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.Diabetology international · 2021Article
- A Review of Current Trends with Type 2 Diabetes Epidemiology, Aetiology, Pathogenesis, Treatments and Future Perspectives.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2021Review
- Insulin and Proinsulin Dynamics Progressively Deteriorate From Within the Normal Range Toward Impaired Glucose Tolerance.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2020Article
- Proinsulin to insulin ratio is associated with incident type 2 diabetes but not with vascular complications in the KORA F4/FF4 study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2020Article
- Beta-Cell Function, Self-rated Health, and Lifestyle Habits in 64-Year-Old Swedish Women with Metabolically Healthy Obesity Phenotype.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2020Article
- Proinsulin is sensitive to reflect glucose intolerance.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2020Article
- β-Cell Failure or β-Cell Abuse?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHyperproinsulinemia is an indicator of β-cell dysfunction, and fasting proinsulin levels are elevated in patients with hyperglycemia. It is not known whether proinsulin levels after a glucose load are better predictors of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes than fasting proinsulin.
methodsParticipants were 9,396 Finnish men (mean±SD, age 57.3±7.1 years, BMI 27.0±4.0 kg/m2) of the population-based METabolic Syndrome In Men Study who were non-diabetic at the recruitment, and who participated in a 6-year follow-up study. Proinsulin and insulin levels were measured in the fasting state and 30 and 120 min after an oral glucose load. Area under the curve (AUC) and proinsulin to insulin ratios were calculated.
resultsFasting proinsulin, proinsulin at 30 min and proinsulin AUC during the first 30 min of an oral glucose tolerance test significantly predicted both the worsening of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes after adjustment for confounding factors. Further adjustment for insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) or insulin secretion (Disposition index) weakened these associations. Insulin sensitivity had a major impact on these associations.
conclusionOur results suggest that proinsulin in the fasting state and after an oral glucose load similarly predict the worsening of hyperglycemia and conversion to type 2 diabetes.
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