Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25852690›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2015

Killer B lymphocytes and their fas ligand positive exosomes as inducers of immune tolerance.

Steven K Lundy, Matthew W Klinker, David A Fox

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Role of Seminal Exosomes in Reproduction.Journal of cellular physiology · 2025
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Noncanonical B Cells: Characteristics of Uncharacteristic B Cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Dark-Side of Exosomes.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Role of exosomes in tumour and transplant immune regulation.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2019
    Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Steven K LundyDepartment of Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI , USA ; Graduate Training Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI , USA.
Matthew W KlinkerGraduate Training Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI , USA.
David A FoxDepartment of Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI , USA ; Graduate Training Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI , USA.
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor · US

Funding

RESEARCH TRAINING IN EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOPATHOLOGYT32AI007413 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Bethany B. Moore · 1993 to 2026
$9.8M
Regulation of Antigen-Specific T Cells and Arthrites Inflammation by B CellsK01AR053846 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI LUNDY, STEVEN K. · 2007 to 2011
$558k
University of Michigan Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Clinical Research ProgrUM1AI110557 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI FOX, DAVID ALAN · 2014 to 2018
$543k
Enhancing Killer B Lymphocyte Function as a Treatment for Allergic AsthmaR03AI105029 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI LUNDY, STEVEN K. · 2013 to 2014
$156k
NIAID NIH HHS R03 AI105029NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007413NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI110557NIAMS NIH HHS K01 AR053846
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Induction of immune tolerance is a key process by which the immune system is educated to modulate reactions against benign stimuli such as self-antigens and commensal microbes. Understanding and harnessing the natural mechanisms of immune tolerance may become an increasingly useful strategy for treating many types of allergic and autoimmune diseases, as well as for improving the acceptance of solid organ transplants. Our laboratory and others have been interested in the natural ability of some B lymphocytes to express the death-inducing molecule Fas ligand (FasL), and their ability to kill T helper (TH) lymphocytes. We have recently shown that experimental transformation of human B cells by a non-replicative variant of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) consistently resulted in high expression of functional FasL protein. The production and release of FasL(+) exosomes that co-expressed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and had the capacity to kill antigen-specific TH cells was also observed. Several lines of evidence indicate that FasL+ B cells and FasL(+)MHCII(+) exosomes have important roles in natural immune tolerance and have a great deal of therapeutic potential. Taken together, these findings suggest that EBV-immortalized human B lymphoblastoid cell lines could be used as cellular factories for FasL(+) exosomes, which would be employed to therapeutically establish and/or regain immune tolerance toward specific antigens. The goals of this review are to summarize current knowledge of the roles of FasL(+) B cells and exosomes in immune regulation, and to suggest methods of manipulating killer B cells and FasL(+) exosomes for clinical purposes.

Indexed as

allergyapoptosisautoimmunityEBVimmune regulationTH cellstransplantation

Identifiers

PMID25852690
PMCPMC4367442
OpenAlexW2065345621

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.