ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2015
Outer brain barriers in rat and human development.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- From glia limitans to glial scars: in vitro co-culture studies of the astrocyte and meningeal interaction.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Pooled it
- Roles of neuropathology-associated reactive astrocytes: a systematic review.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2023Pooled it
- Intrathecal Delivery of Macromolecules to the Spinal Cord Enabled by Laser-Activated Perfluorocarbon Nanodroplets.ACS nano medicine · 2026Article
- Base barrier cells provide compartmentalization of choroid plexus, brain and CSF.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Leptomeninges: Anatomy, Mechanisms of Disease and Neuroimaging.Neurology international · 2025Review
- Perceiving traumatic brain injury from glymphatic system.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Malformations of cortical development: Embryology and epilepsy.Epilepsia · 2025Review
- Imaging brain fluid dynamics and waste clearance involving perivascular spaces in cerebral small vessel disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Reproducibility and transparency: why following MISEV guidelines is beneficial for the studies on EVs and brain barriers.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Role of glial cells in motor neuron degeneration in hereditary spastic paraplegias.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Skull-meninges-brain connectivity and extra-axial brain tumours.Brain communications · 2025Review
- Functional and Clinical Relevance of the Crosstalk between the Glymphatic System and the Lymphatic System.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- The Involvement of Glial Cells in Blood-Brain Barrier Damage in Neuroimmune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Advances and controversies in meningeal biology.Nature neuroscience · 2024Review
- Elucidating a new path of CSF transport in the CNS.The Lancet. Neurology · 2024Article
- The contribution of the meningeal immune interface to neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Modeling of brain efflux: Constraints of brain surfaces.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Neutrophils in glioma microenvironment: from immune function to immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Structural characterization of SLYM-a 4th meningeal membrane.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Article
- Structural characterization of SLYM - a 4th meningeal membrane.Research square · 2023Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Complex barriers at the brain's surface, particularly in development, are poorly defined. In the adult, arachnoid blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier separates the fenestrated dural vessels from the CSF by means of a cell layer joined by tight junctions. Outer CSF-brain barrier provides diffusion restriction between brain and subarachnoid CSF through an initial radial glial end feet layer covered with a pial surface layer. To further characterize these interfaces we examined embryonic rat brains from E10 to P0 and forebrains from human embryos and fetuses (6-21st weeks post-conception) and adults using immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. Antibodies against claudin-11, BLBP, collagen 1, SSEA-4, MAP2, YKL-40, and its receptor IL-13Rα2 and EAAT1 were used to describe morphological characteristics and functional aspects of the outer brain barriers. Claudin-11 was a reliable marker of the arachnoid blood-CSF barrier. Collagen 1 delineated the subarachnoid space and stained pial surface layer. BLBP defined radial glial end feet layer and SSEA-4 and YKL-40 were present in both leptomeningeal cells and end feet layer, which transformed into glial limitans. IL-13Rα2 and EAAT1 were present in the end feet layer illustrating transporter/receptor presence in the outer CSF-brain barrier. MAP2 immunostaining in adult brain outlined the lower border of glia limitans; remnants of end feet were YKL-40 positive in some areas. We propose that outer brain barriers are composed of at least 3 interfaces: blood-CSF barrier across arachnoid barrier cell layer, blood-CSF barrier across pial microvessels, and outer CSF-brain barrier comprising glial end feet layer/pial surface layer.
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