ArticleParasites & vectors2015
Detection of Dirofilaria immitis and other arthropod-borne filarioids by an HRM real-time qPCR, blood-concentrating techniques and a serological assay in dogs from Costa Rica.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- High-resolution melting analysis in veterinary medicine: a systematic review of applications and diagnostic accuracy.Tropical animal health and production · 2025Pooled it
- Improved specificity of a probe-based real-time PCR for the detection of Dirofilaria immitis in canine blood.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Comparative performance of the novel, point-of-care Pluslife Mini Dock Dirofilaria immitis/Dirofilaria repens detection test with the modified Knott's test in dogs.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Development of Dirofilaria immitis adult worms in NSG mice, detection of parasite-derived microRNA and comparative analysis of laboratory isolates.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Global prevalence, diagnostics and epidemiological trends of canine filariosis and associated zoonotic infections (2021-2025): a review.Veterinary research communications · 2025Review
- DetectingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Evaluation of diagnostic techniques for early detection of heartworm in experimentally infected dogs: identification of Dirofilaria immitis-derived microRNA in the initial 28 weeks post-inoculation.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Evolution of dirofilariasis diagnostic techniques from traditional morphological analysis to molecular-based techniques: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in parasitology · 2024Review
- Microfilaremic infection in canine filariosis in Colombia: a challenge in morphological and molecular diagnostics.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Cercopithifilaria spp. of dogs: little known but prevalent filarioids beneath the skin.Parasites & vectors · 2023Review
- Cutaneous filarioid nematodes of dogs in the United States: Are they emerging, neglected, or underdiagnosed parasites?Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Review
- First Report ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- High prevalence of canine heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, in pet dogs in south Texas, USA, with evidence of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes contributing to transmission.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- A community approach for pathogens and their arthropod vectors (ticks and fleas) in cats of sub-Saharan Africa.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Probe-based qPCR as an alternative to modified Knott's test when screening dogs for heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in combination with antigen detection tests.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Canine microfilaraemia in some regions of Iran.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Article
- Passive epidemiological surveillance in wildlife in Costa Rica identifies pathogens of zoonotic and conservation importance.PloS one · 2022Article
- A community approach of pathogens and their arthropod vectors (ticks and fleas) in dogs of African Sub-Sahara.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- The first report on internal transcribed spacer region-based characterization of microfilaria in Asian elephants (Veterinary world · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCanine filarioids are important nematodes transmitted to dogs by arthropods. Diagnosis of canine filariosis is accomplished by the microscopic identification of microfilariae, serology or PCR for filarial-DNA. The aim of this study was to evaluate a molecular assay for the detection of canine filariae in dog blood, to compare its performance to other diagnostic techniques, and to determine the relationship between microfilarial concentration and infection with other vector-borne pathogens.
methodsBlood samples from 146 dogs from Costa Rica were subjected to the detection of canine filarioids by four different methods: the microhematocrit tube test (MCT), Knott's modified test, serology and a high resolution melt and quantitative real-time PCR (HRM-qPCR). Co-infection with other vector-borne pathogens was also evaluated.
resultsFifteen percent of the dogs were positive to Dirofilaria immitis by at least one of the methods. The HRM-qPCR produced distinctive melting plots for the different filarial worms and revealed that 11.6% of dogs were infected with Acanthocheilonema reconditum. The latter assay had a limit of detection of 2.4x10⁻⁴ mf/μl and detected infections with lower microfilarial concentrations in comparison to the microscopic techniques and the serological assay. The MCT and Knott's test only detected dogs with D. immitis microfilaremias above 0.7 mf/μl. Nevertheless, there was a strong correlation between the microfilarial concentration obtained by the Knott's modified test and the HRM-qPCR (r = 0.906, p < 0.0001). Interestingly, one dog was found infected with Cercopithifilaria bainae infection. Moreover, no association was found between microfilaremia and co-infection and there was no significant difference in microfilarial concentration between dogs infected only with D. immitis and dogs co-infected with Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys or Babesia vogeli.
conclusionsThis is the first report of A. reconditum and C. bainae in Costa Rica and Central America. Among the evaluated diagnostic techniques, the HRM-qPCR showed the most sensitive and reliable performance in the detection of blood filaroids in comparison to the Knott's modified test, the MCT test and a serological assay.
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