ArticleEpidemiology and infection2015
Ethnicity, deprivation and mortality due to 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) in England during the 2009/2010 pandemic and the first post-pandemic season.
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in migrants and ethnic minorities compared with the general population in the European WHO region during the first year of the pandemic: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- The association between socioeconomic status and pandemic influenza: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Early lymph node T follicular helper cell signalling hub drives influenza vaccine response in an ancestrally diverse cohort.EBioMedicine · 2025Article
- The Global Polycrisis and Health Inequalities.International journal of social determinants of health and health services · 2025Article
- Article
- Importance of social inequalities to contact patterns, vaccine uptake, and epidemic dynamics.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Communication and engagement of community members from ethnic minorities during COVID-19: a scoping review.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Migration background and COVID-19 related intensive care unit admission and mortality in the Netherlands: A cohort study.PloS one · 2023Article
- The social ecology of COVID-19 prevalence and risk in Montreal, QC, Canada.Health & place · 2022Article
- COVID-19 pandemic evolution in the Brazilian Indigenous population.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2022Article
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome by SARS-CoV-2 Infection or Other Etiologic Agents Among Brazilian Indigenous Population: An Observational Study from the First Year of Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 Pandemic.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2022Article
- Explaining Ethnic Differentials in COVID-19 Mortality: A Cohort Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Changing socio-economic and ethnic disparities in influenza/A/H1N1 infection early in the 2009 UK epidemic: a descriptive analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Changes in characteristics and case-severity in patients hospitalised with influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 infection between two epidemic waves-England, 2009-2010.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- COVID-19 and geographical area of origin.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2021Article
- Overrepresentation of South Asian ethnic groups among cases of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 during the first phase of the 2009 pandemic in England.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2021Article
- COVID-19 and Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic Communities: A Complex Relationship Without Just Cause.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2021Article
- Ethnic-minority groups in England and Wales-factors associated with the size and timing of elevated COVID-19 mortality: a retrospective cohort study linking census and death records.International journal of epidemiology · 2021Observational
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4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The relationship between risk of death following influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection and ethnicity and deprivation during the 2009/2010 pandemic period and the first post-pandemic season of 2010/2011 in England was examined. Poisson regression models were used to estimate the mortality risk, adjusted for age, gender, and place of residence. Those of non-White ethnicity experienced an increased mortality risk compared to White populations during the 2009/2010 pandemic [10·5/1000 vs. 6·0/1000 general population; adjusted risk ratio (RR) 1·84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·39-2·54] with the highest risk in those of Pakistani ethnicity. However, no significant difference between ethnicities was observed during the following 2010/2011 season. Persons living in areas with the highest level of deprivation had a significantly higher risk of death (RR 2·08, 95% CI 1·49-2·91) compared to the lowest level for both periods. These results highlight the importance of rapid identification of groups at higher risk of severe disease in the early stages of future pandemics to enable the implementation of optimal prevention and control measures for vulnerable populations.
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