ArticleThe British journal of nutrition2015
Flaxseed reduces the pro-carcinogenic micro-environment in the ovaries of normal hens by altering the PG and oestrogen pathways in a dose-dependent manner.
Article in The British journal of nutrition, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasma metabolite abundances are associated with urinary enterolactone excretion in healthy participants on controlled diets.Food & function · 2017Trial
- Flaxseed Ethanol Extracts' Antitumor, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Flaxseed Ethanol Extract Effect in Acute Experimental Inflammation.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- A Review of Principal Studies on the Development and Treatment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in the Laying HenComparative medicine · 2021Review
- Pharmacological Effects of Natural Components Against Ovarian Cancer and Mechanisms.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- The pro-apoptotic actions of 2-methoxyestradiol against ovarian cancer involve catalytic activation of PKCδ signaling.Oncotarget · 2020Article
- Article
- Pro-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic actions of 2-methoxyestradiol and docosahexaenoic acid, the biologically derived active compounds from flaxseed diet, in preventing ovarian cancer.Journal of ovarian research · 2019Article
- Flaxseed Lignans as Important Dietary Polyphenols for Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Targets.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Enterolactone has stronger effects than enterodiol on ovarian cancer.Journal of ovarian research · 2017Article
- Whole flaxseed diet alters estrogen metabolism to promote 2-methoxtestradiol-induced apoptosis in hen ovarian cancer.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry · 2017Article
- Therapeutic effect of flax-based diets on fatty liver in aged laying hens.Poultry science · 2016Article
- Flaxseed and its components differentially affect estrogen targets in pre-neoplastic hen ovaries.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2016Article
- Honokiol inhibits the growth of hormone-resistant breast cancer cells: its promising effect in combination with metformin.Research in pharmaceutical sciencesArticle
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to find the optimum dose of flaxseed that would decrease PG and alter oestrogen pathway endpoints implicated in ovarian cancer. In the study, four groups of fifty 1.5-year-old chickens were fed different amounts of flaxseed (0, 5, 10 or 15% of their total diet) for 4 months and were then killed to collect blood and tissues. Levels of flaxseed lignan metabolites, Enterolactone (EL) and Enterodiol (ED) were measured in the serum, liver and ovaries by liquid chromatography-MS/MS, and n-3 and n-6 fatty acid (FA) levels were measured by GC. The effects of the varied flaxseed doses were assessed by measuring levels of PGE2 and oestrogen metabolites (16-hydroxyestrone (16-OHE1) and 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1)) as well as by analysing the expression of the oestradiol metabolising enzymes CYP3A4 (cytochrome p450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 4), CYP1B1 (cytochrome p450, family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1) and CYP1A1 (cytochrome p450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1) and that of oestrogen receptor α (ERα) in the ovaries. The ratio of n-3:n-FA increased with an increase in flaxseed supplementation and corresponded to a dose-dependent decrease in cyclo-oxygenase-2 protein and PGE2 levels. EL and ED increased in the serum, liver and ovaries with increased concentrations of flaxseed. Flaxseed decreased the expression of ERα in the ovaries. The ratio of 2-OHE1:16-OHE1 in the serum increased significantly in the 15% flaxseed diet, and there was a corresponding increase in CYP1A1 in the liver and decrease in CYP3A4 in the ovaries. CYP1B1 mRNA also decreased with flaxseed diet in the ovaries. The 15% flaxseed-supplemented diet significantly decreased inflammatory PGE2, ERα, CYP3A4, CYP1B1 and 16-OHE1, but it increased CYP1A1 and 2-OHE1, which thus reduced the inflammatory and pro-carcinogenic micro-environment of the ovaries.
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