ArticleAIDS (London, England)2015
High HIV prevalence and incidence among MSM across 12 cities in India.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01686750 (A Cluster Randomized Trial of Integrated Care Centers to Improve Access to HIV Prevention, Testing, and Treatment Services Among High-Risk Vulnerable Populations in India), which is not on this map. Cited by 62 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Cluster Randomized Trial of Integrated Care Centers to Improve Access to HIV Prevention, Testing, and Treatment Services Among High-Risk Vulnerable Populations in India
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circumcision for HIV Prevention in Men Who Have Sex With Men: An Updated Meta-Analysis.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Pooled it
- Use of HIV Recency Assays for HIV Incidence Estimation and Other Surveillance Use Cases: Systematic Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2022Pooled it
- Community viral load and hepatitis C virus infection: Community viral load measures to aid public health treatment efforts and program evaluation.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2020Pooled it
- Circumcision to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global data.The Lancet. Global health · 2019Pooled it
- Bias Adjustment Techniques Are Underutilized in HIV Sexual Risk Estimation: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Pooled it
- Substance use is associated with condomless anal intercourse among men who have sex with men in India: a partner-level analysis.BMC public health · 2022Trial
- The impact of a syndemic theory-based intervention on HIV transmission risk behaviour among men who have sex with men in India: Pretest-posttest non-equivalent comparison group trial.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Trial
- Strengthening resilience to reduce HIV risk in Indian MSM: a multicity, randomised, clinical efficacy trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Prevalence and Phylogenetic Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus Among Indian Men Who Have Sex With Men: Limited Evidence for Sexual Transmission.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Trial
- An Internet-Based, Peer-Delivered Messaging Intervention for HIV Testing and Condom Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in India (CHALO!): Pilot Randomized Comparative Trial.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2020Trial
- Design of the Indian NCA study (Indian national collaboration on AIDS): a cluster randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of integrated care centers to improve HIV outcomes among men who have sex with men and persons who inject drugs in India.BMC health services research · 2016Trial
- Community viral load, antiretroviral therapy coverage, and HIV incidence in India: a cross-sectional, comparative study.The lancet. HIV · 2016Trial
- HIV care continuum among men who have sex with men and persons who inject drugs in India: barriers to successful engagement.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2015Trial
- Increasing Syphilis Prevalence Among MSM Across India Despite Improvements in the HIV Care Continuum.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- The Association of Collective Self-Esteem to Individual Self-Esteem, Depression, and Sexual Health of Indian Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Longitudinal Analysis.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Establishing HIV transmission pathways in Bhutan: a modelling study.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
- Addressing Population Heterogeneity for HIV Incidence Estimation Based on Recency Test.Statistics in medicine · 2025Article
- High prevalence of hepatitis B virus among MSM living with HIV in India.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2024Article
- Longitudinal trajectories of depressive symptoms among alcohol consuming men with HIV in India.Journal of affective disorders · 2024Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo characterize prevalence, incidence, and associated correlates of HIV infection among MSM in 12 cities across India.
designCross-sectional sample using respondent-driven sampling from September 2012 to June 2013.
methodsA total 12022 MSM (~1000/city) were recruited. Participants had to be at least 18 years, self-identify as male, and report oral/anal intercourse with a man in the prior year. HIV infection was diagnosed using three rapid tests. Cross-sectional HIV incidence was estimated using a multiassay algorithm. All estimates incorporate respondent-driven sampling-II weights.
resultsMedian age was 25 years, 45% self-identified as 'panthi' (predominantly penetrative anal intercourse) and 30.6% reported being married to a woman. Weighted HIV prevalence was 7.0% (range: 1.7-13.1%). In multivariate analysis, significantly higher odds of HIV infection was observed among those who were older, had lower educational attainment, were practicing purely receptive anal sex or both receptive and penetrative sex, and those who were herpes simplex virus-2 positive. Of 1147 MSM who tested HIV positive, 53 were identified as recent HIV infections (annualized incidence = 0.87%; range = 0-2.2%). In multivariate analysis, injecting drugs in the prior 6 months, syphilis, and higher number of male partners and fewer female partners were significantly associated with recent HIV infection.
conclusionWe observed a high burden of HIV among MSM in India with tremendous diversity in prevalence, incidence, and risk behaviors. In particular, we observed high incidence in areas with relatively low prevalence suggesting emerging epidemics in areas not previously recognized to have high HIV burden.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.