ArticleRespiratory research2015
Lung inflammatory pattern and antibiotic treatment in pneumonia.
Article in Respiratory research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Macrolides usage as anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of glucocorticoids in the treatment of severe community-acquired pneumonia: A meta-analysis.Medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- Comparative Effectiveness of Azithromycin Versus Doxycycline in Hospitalized Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia Treated With Beta-Lactams: A Multicenter Matched Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Correlation between concentrations of NAMPT and NMNAT1 and the risk of upper respiratory infections in the island reef.World journal of clinical cases · 2025Article
- A Large-Scale Single-Cell Atlas Reveals the Peripheral Immune Panorama of Bacterial Pneumonia.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- A pan-immune panorama of bacterial pneumonia revealed by a large-scale single-cell transcriptome atlas.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- The Interplay between Antibiotics and the Host Immune Response in Sepsis: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Considerations: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Diesel exhaust particles induce polarization state-dependent functional and transcriptional changes in human monocyte-derived macrophages.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2024Article
- Dual functional therapeutics: mitigating bacterial infection and associated inflammation.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2023Review
- Treatment of Bacterial Infections with β-Lactams: Cooperation with Innate Immunity.Infection and immunity · 2023Review
- Expression of Th1/2/17 Cytokines in CML with or without Pulmonary Bacterial and Fungal Coinfection.Journal of oncology · 2023Review
- The Azithromycin Pro-Drug CSY5669 Boosts Bacterial Killing While Attenuating Lung Inflammation Associated with Pneumonia Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022Article
- Antibiotics as immunomodulators: a potential pharmacologic approach for ARDS treatment.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2021Review
- Immunomodulation of endothelial cells induced by macrolide therapy in a model of septic stimulation.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2021Article
- Could Azithromycin Be Part ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Cytokine Expression of Lung Bacterial Infection in Newly Diagnosed Adult Hematological Malignancies.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Ocular immune responses, Chlamydia trachomatis infection and clinical signs of trachoma before and after azithromycin mass drug administration in a treatment naïve trachoma-endemic Tanzanian community.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Clinical characteristics and cytokine changes in children with pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation.The Journal of international medical research · 2017Article
- New aspects in the management of pneumonia.Critical care (London, England) · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn community-acquired pneumonia host inflammatory response against the causative microorganism is necessary for infection resolution. However an excessive response can have deleterious effects. In addition to antimicrobial effects, macrolide antibiotics are known to possess immunomodulatory properties.
methodsA prospective study was performed on 52 admitted patients who developed an inadequate response after 72 hours of antibiotic treatment - non-responders community-acquired pneumonia - (blood and bronchoalveolar lavage), and two control groups: 1) community-acquired pneumonia control (blood) and 2) non-infection control (blood and bronchoalveolar lavage). Cytokine profiles (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10), tumour necrosis factor α and clinical outcomes were assessed.
resultsNon-responders patients treated with macrolide containing regimens showed significantly lower levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lower IL-8 and IL-10 in blood than those patients treated with non-macrolide regimens. Clinical outcomes showed that patients treated with macrolide regimens required fewer days to reach clinical stability (p < 0.01) and shorter hospitalization periods (p < 0.01).
conclusionsAfter 72 hours of antibiotic effect, patients who received macrolide containing regimens exhibited lower inflammatory cytokine levels in pulmonary and systemic compartments along with faster stabilization of infectious parameters.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.