SynthesisBMC public health2015
Global epidemiology of type 1 diabetes in young adults and adults: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06006468 (Evaluating ImmuNe Changes in the Evolution of Pre Type 1 Diabetes With Adult Onset), which is not on this map. Cited by 119 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluating ImmuNe Changes in the Evolution of Pre Type 1 Diabetes With Adult Onset
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 284 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Incidence of Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review From 32 Countries and Regions.Diabetes care · 2022Pooled it
- Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and the risk of the type 1 diabetes: a meta-regression and updated meta-analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2020Pooled it
- ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents.Pediatric diabetes · 2018Guideline
- Fracture risk in young and middle-aged adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical endocrinology · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells preserve endogenous insulin production in type 1 diabetes: a Phase I/II randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial.Diabetologia · 2023Trial
- Cardiovascular risk equations in type 1 diabetes: from generic models to personalized prediction.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Dietary vitamin C intake and the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study.European journal of nutrition · 2026Observational
- Article
- Increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents from 2012 to 2021 in Germany: trends before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Predictive Autoantibodies Before the Diagnosis of Type I Diabetes in Adults.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Identification of Different Age-at-Diagnosis-Based Endotypes and Clinical Phenotypes in a Cohort of Adult Patients Diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Panx1 and P2X7R are associated with impaired skeletal health and delayed bone development in early onset of type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in retinal neurovascular changes in type 1 diabetes without retinopathy.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Is the NOD mouse a good model for type 1 diabetes?Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Association of Individual or Family History of Autoimmune Disease With Future Development of Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2026Review
- Clustering patterns in Finnish type 1 diabetes patients: a nationwide register-based study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2025Article
- Islet-intrinsic sex differences in inflammatory signaling contribute to autoimmune diabetes susceptibility.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The Changing Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes: A Global Perspective.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough type 1 diabetes (T1D) can affect patients of all ages, most epidemiological studies of T1D focus on disease forms with clinical diagnosis during childhood and adolescence. Clinically, adult T1D is difficult to discriminate from certain forms of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and from Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA).
methodsA systematic review of the literature was performed to retrieve original papers in English, French and Spanish published up to November 6, 2014, reporting the incidence of T1D among individuals aged over 15 years. The study was carried out according to the PRISMA recommendations.
resultsWe retrieved information reporting incidence of T1D among individuals aged more than 15 years in 35 countries, and published in 70 articles between 1982 and 2014. Specific anti-beta-cell proteins or C-peptide detection were performed in 14 of 70 articles (20%). The most frequent diagnostic criteria used were clinical symptoms and immediate insulin therapy. Country-to-country variations of incidence in those aged >15 years paralleled those of children in all age groups. T1D incidence was larger in males than in females in 44 of the 54 (81%) studies reporting incidence by sex in people >15 years of age. The overall mean male-to-female ratio in the review was 1.47 (95% CI = 1.33-1.60, SD = 0.49, n = 54, p = <0.0001). Overall, T1D incidence decreased in adulthood, after the age of 14 years.
conclusionsFew studies on epidemiology of T1D in adults are available worldwide, as compared to those reporting on children with T1D. The geographical variations of T1D incidence in adults parallel those reported in children. As opposed to what is known in children, the incidence is generally larger in males than in females. There is an unmet need to evaluate the incidence of autoimmune T1D in adults, using specific autoantibody detection, and to better analyze epidemiological specificities - if any - of adult T1D. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42012002369.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.