Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25849543›Full record

ArticlePLoS pathogens2015

Leukocyte-derived IFN-α/β and epithelial IFN-λ constitute a compartmentalized mucosal defense system that restricts enteric virus infections.

Tanel Mahlakõiv, Pedro Hernandez, Konrad Gronke, Andreas Diefenbach, Peter Staeheli

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS pathogens, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 147 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
147citing papers in PubMed
13.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

147 citing papers in PubMed, 220 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  9. Review
  10. A single mutation in an enteric virus alters tropism and sensitivity to microbiota.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Exploiting a type III interferon response to improve chemotherapeutic safety and efficacy.European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Neutrophil diversity and function in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Interferon lambda 4 is a gut antimicrobial protein.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

87 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Tanel MahlakõivInstitute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Pedro HernandezInstitute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cell Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany; Research Centre Immunology and Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Mainz Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany.
Konrad GronkeInstitute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cell Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany; Research Centre Immunology and Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Mainz Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany.
Andreas DiefenbachInstitute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Research Centre Immunology and Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Mainz Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany.
Peter StaeheliInstitute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene · DEUniversity Medical Center Freiburg · DEUniversity of Freiburg · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epithelial cells are a major port of entry for many viruses, but the molecular networks which protect barrier surfaces against viral infections are incompletely understood. Viral infections induce simultaneous production of type I (IFN-α/β) and type III (IFN-λ) interferons. All nucleated cells are believed to respond to IFN-α/β, whereas IFN-λ responses are largely confined to epithelial cells. We observed that intestinal epithelial cells, unlike hematopoietic cells of this organ, express only very low levels of functional IFN-α/β receptors. Accordingly, after oral infection of IFN-α/β receptor-deficient mice, human reovirus type 3 specifically infected cells in the lamina propria but, strikingly, did not productively replicate in gut epithelial cells. By contrast, reovirus replicated almost exclusively in gut epithelial cells of IFN-λ receptor-deficient mice, suggesting that the gut mucosa is equipped with a compartmentalized IFN system in which epithelial cells mainly respond to IFN-λ that they produce after viral infection, whereas other cells of the gut mostly rely on IFN-α/β for antiviral defense. In suckling mice with IFN-λ receptor deficiency, reovirus replicated in the gut epithelium and additionally infected epithelial cells lining the bile ducts, indicating that infants may use IFN-λ for the control of virus infections in various epithelia-rich tissues. Thus, IFN-λ should be regarded as an autonomous virus defense system of the gut mucosa and other epithelial barriers that may have evolved to avoid unnecessarily frequent triggering of the IFN-α/β system which would induce exacerbated inflammation.

Indexed as

AnimalsCell SeparationEpithelial CellsFlow CytometryHumansImmunohistochemistryInterferon-alphaInterferon-betaInterferon-gammaIntestinal MucosaLeukocytesMammalian orthoreovirus 3MiceMice, KnockoutPolymerase Chain ReactionReoviridae InfectionsInterferon-alphaInterferon-betaInterferon-gamma

Identifiers

PMID25849543
PMCPMC4388470
OpenAlexW2062550809

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.