ArticleNature communications2015
Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 as a potential player in diabetes-associated atherosclerosis.
Article in Nature communications, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 213 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
213 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 364 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effects of Cardioprotective Antidiabetic Therapy on Microbiota in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of genome-wide gene expression differences identifies promising targets for type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Gut microbiota-associated metabolite trimethylamine N-Oxide and the risk of stroke: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Nutrition journal · 2020Pooled it
- Role of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology.EBioMedicine · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of dietary fiber on trimethylamine-N-oxide production after beef consumption and on gut microbiota: MEATMARK - a randomized cross-over study.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Effect of acarbose and vildagliptin on plasma trimethylamine N-oxide levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 6-month, two-arm randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Trial
- Impact of Caloric Restriction and Exercise on Trimethylamine N-Oxide Metabolism in Women with Obesity.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Evaluation of an 8-Week Vegan Diet on Plasma Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Postchallenge Glucose in Adults with Dysglycemia or Obesity.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Trial
- Trial
- l-Carnitine in omnivorous diets induces an atherogenic gut microbial pathway in humans.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Trial
- Microbial Transplantation With Human Gut Commensals Containing CutC Is Sufficient to Transmit Enhanced Platelet Reactivity and Thrombosis Potential.Circulation research · 2018Trial
- Effect of Vegan Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Carnitine- and Choline-Derived Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Production and Vascular Inflammation in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2018Trial
- Changes in Gut Microbiota-Related Metabolites and Long-term Successful Weight Loss in Response to Weight-Loss Diets: The POUNDS Lost Trial.Diabetes care · 2018Trial
- Diets high in resistant starch increase plasma levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide, a gut microbiome metabolite associated with CVD risk.The British journal of nutrition · 2016Trial
- Relationship of Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Levels with early Atherosclerosis in Humans.Scientific reports · 2016Trial
- Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome through the lens of gut‑derived uremic toxins.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Trimethylamine-N-oxide: the microbial cue in immune-mediated disorders.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2026Review
- The Gut-Brain Axis: A Critical Link between Type 2 Diabetes and Parkinson's disease.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Article
- β-cell FMO3-produced TMAO prevents NF-κB-mediated senescence and inflammation in ageing and diabetic conditions.Nature communications · 2026Article
153 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the well-documented association between insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease, the key targets of insulin relevant to the development of cardiovascular disease are not known. Here, using non-biased profiling methods, we identify the enzyme flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (Fmo3) to be a target of insulin. FMO3 produces trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which has recently been suggested to promote atherosclerosis in mice and humans. We show that FMO3 is suppressed by insulin in vitro, increased in obese/insulin resistant male mice and increased in obese/insulin-resistant humans. Knockdown of FMO3 in insulin-resistant mice suppresses FoxO1, a central node for metabolic control, and entirely prevents the development of hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Taken together, these data indicate that FMO3 is required for FoxO1 expression and the development of metabolic dysfunction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.